THE STUDY ON THE TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT SIZES OF SCHIZOTHORAX WALTONI
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摘要: 实验旨在探讨三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)的温度耐受能力。通过每4h升高或者降低1℃, 其中升温或者降温1h, 平衡3h, 直到试验鱼全部死亡或水温降至0。结果表明: 大规格[(100.93±13.12) g、(19.71±1.04) cm]、中规格[(15.11±5.03) g、(10.05±1.19) cm]和小规格[(1.37±0.32) g、(4.51±0.35) cm]极限最高温度分别是30℃、30℃和33℃; 极限最低温度均为0, 均能在冰水混合的水中生存; 温度耐受幅分别是30℃、30℃和33℃; 在不同温度条件下拉萨裂腹鱼呼吸频率不同, 且不同规格拉萨裂腹鱼间呼吸频率存在着显著差异(P<0.05)。因此, 在高海拔和温度变化幅度较大的区域均适合拉萨裂腹鱼规模化养殖培育, 但在冬季人工养殖过程中, 由于小规格拉萨裂腹鱼耐受能力差, 应移入温室大棚中养殖, 从而保证较高成活率和正常生长。Abstract: To investigate the temperature tolerance of Schizothorax waltoni with 3 different size, the temperature was increased or decreased by 1℃ every four hours and then balance for 3 hours, until all fish died or the water temperature dropped to 0. The results showed that the highest temperature of large size [(100.93±13.12) g and (19.71±1.04) cm], medium size [(15.11±5.03) g and (10.05±1.19) cm], small size [(1.37±0.32) g and (4.51±0.35) cm] of Schizothorax waltoni were 30℃, 30℃ and 33℃ respectively and the lowest temperature was 0 for all 3 groups with all fish can survive. The temperature tolerance amplitude were 30℃, 30℃ and 33℃ respectively; the breathing rate of Schizothorax waltoni were different in the different temperatures, and the breathing rate of different sizes of Schizothorax waltoni were significantly different (P<0.05). Therefore, it is suitable for the large-scale breeding of Schizothorax waltoni in areas with high altitude and temperature variation and the small size of Schizothorax waltoni should be farmed in the greenhouses to guarantee the high survival rate and normal growth.
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Keywords:
- Schizothorax waltoni /
- Limit temperature /
- Tolerance /
- Breathing rate
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图 1 三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼呼吸频率与温度变化
Figure 1. The relationship between the breathing rate and temperature of three different sizes of Schizothorax waltoni
表 1 温度升高三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼死亡情况
Table 1 Mortality of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni with the increased temperature
时间Time 温度Temperature (℃) 各组死亡尾数(尾)Number of deaths in each group (Tail) 大规格Large size 中规格Medium size 小规格 Small size 16:00 13 0 0 0 20:00 14 0 0 0 0:00 15 0 0 0 4:00 16 0 0 0 8:00 17 0 0 0 12:00 18 0 0 0 16:00 19 0 0 0 20:00 20 0 0 0.67±1.15 0:00 21 0 0 0.67±1.15 4:00 22 0 0.33±0.58 0 8:00 23 0 0.67±0.58 0 12:00 24 0.67±0.58 1.00±0.00 0 16:00 25 0.33±0.58 0.67±0.58 0 20:00 26 1.00±0.00 1.00±0.00 0 0:00 27 0.33±0.58 0.67±0.58 0 4:00 28 0.67±0.58 0.33±0.58 0.67±1.15 8:00 29 0.67±1.15 0 0.67±1.15 12:00 30 0.33±0.58 2.67±1.54 0.33±0.58 16:00 31 0.67±0.58 1.33±0.58 0.67±0.58 20:00 32 3.33±1.53 1.00±0.00 0.67±0.58 0:00 33 0.33±0.58 3.33±2.08 4:00 34 3.00±0.00 8:00 35 1.33±0.58 12:00 36 3.00±2.00 合计Total 8.00±0.00 10.00±0.00 15.00±0.00 
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表 2 三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼对温度升高的耐受情况
Table 2 The tolerance of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni with the increased temperature
时间Time 温度
Temperature (℃)活动状态Activity state 大规格Large size 中规格Medium size 小规格Small size 16:00 13 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 20:00 14 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 0:00 15 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 4:00 16 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 8:00 17 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 12:00 18 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 16:00 19 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 20:00 20 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 0:00 21 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 4:00 22 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 8:00 23 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 12:00 24 活动正常 部分鱼反应激烈, 游动频繁 活动正常 16:00 25 部分鱼间歇性在水面中上层游动, 离群独游 部分鱼间歇性探出水面, 游动频繁 活动正常 20:00 26 部分鱼反应强烈, 开始频繁游动 部分鱼反应激烈, 游动频繁 部分鱼反应激烈, 频繁游动 0:00 27 部分鱼在乱蹿, 反应激烈, 频繁游动 部分鱼在水底乱蹿, 反应激烈, 游动频繁 部分鱼反应激烈, 成群乱蹿 4:00 28 部分鱼长时间停留水面, 呼吸加快 集群消失, 部分鱼间歇性的在水面活动 部分鱼开始离群, 在水底乱蹿 8:00 29 部分鱼开始抽搐, 呼吸加快 部分鱼开始在水面活动, 并间歇性乱蹿 部分鱼反应激烈, 分散乱蹿 12:00 30 部分鱼失去平衡, 并侧游, 间歇性探出水面 部分鱼开始失去平衡, 并侧游 部分鱼间歇性探出水面, 呼吸加快 16:00 31 部分鱼身体僵直, 时而沉入水底, 时而浮出水面 部分鱼失去平衡, 并侧游, 呼吸加快 部分鱼在水面活动, 呼吸加快 20:00 32 鱼间歇性上蹿, 失去平衡, 呼吸加快, 而后全部死亡 部分鱼翻白肚沉入水底, 并间歇性侧游, 呼吸急促 部分鱼开始失去平衡, 呼吸加快 0:00 33 鱼间歇性上蹿, 失去平衡, 呼吸加快, 而后全部死亡 部分鱼间歇性的探出水面, 并测游, 呼吸加快 4:00 34 部分鱼失去平衡并不时探出水面, 间歇性回正, 而后沉入水底, 另有部分鱼长时间静卧水底 8:00 35 大部分鱼在水面中上层游动, 时而缓慢游动, 时而加速, 时而上下乱蹿, 并侧游, 部分鱼呈僵直状 12:00 36 鱼间歇性上蹿, 而后沉入水底, 并失去平衡, 呼吸加快, 而后全部死亡
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表 3 温度降低三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼死亡情况
Table 3 Mortality of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni with the reduced temperature
时间Time 温度Temperature (℃) 各组死亡尾数(尾)Number of deaths in each group (Tail) 大规格
Large size中规格
Medium size小规格
Small size20:00 12 0 0 0 0:00 11 0 0 0 4:00 10 0 0 0 8:00 9 0 0 0 12:00 8 0 0 0 16:00 7 0 0 0 20:00 6 0 0 0 0:00 5 0 0 0 4:00 4 0 0 0 8:00 3 0 0 0 12:00 2 0 0 0 16:00 1 0 0 0.33±0.58 20:00 0 0 0 0.33±0.58 合计Total 0 0 2.00±0.00
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表 4 三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼对温度降低的耐受情况
Table 4 The tolerance of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni with the reduced temperature
时间Time 温度Temperature
(℃)活动状态Activity state 大规格
Large size中规格
Medium size小规格
Small size20:00 12 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 0:00 11 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 4:00 10 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 8:00 9 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 12:00 8 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 16:00 7 活动正常 活动正常 活动正常 20:00 6 部分鱼活动缓慢 活动正常 活动正常 0:00 5 游动有些僵硬 部分鱼活动缓慢 活动正常 4:00 4 游动有些僵硬 游动有些僵硬 部分鱼活动缓慢 8:00 3 部分鱼呼吸不规律, 反应迟缓 游动有些僵硬, 呼吸不规律, 反应迟缓 部分鱼开始失去平衡, 并测游, 活动缓慢 12:00 2 反应迟缓, 间歇性摆动尾部, 呼吸不规律 反应迟缓, 呼吸减缓, 静卧水底, 呼吸不规律 部分鱼失去平衡, 呼吸不规律, 活动缓慢 16:00 1 鱼躯体柔软, 静卧水底, 反应迟缓, 无激烈反应, 呼吸不规律 鱼躯体柔软, 部分鱼身体失去平衡, 无激烈反应 部分鱼斜着身体静卧水底, 呼吸不规律, 反应迟缓, 不时探出水面 20:00 0 鱼躯体柔软, 斜着身体静卧水底, 几乎不活动 鱼躯体柔软, 反应迟缓, 部分鱼身体失去平衡 呼吸不规律, 反应迟缓, 基本不活动
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表 5 温度升高对三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼呼吸频率的影响
Table 5 The effect of increased temperature on the breathing rate of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni
时间Time 温度Temperature (℃) 呼吸频率(次/min)Breathing rate (time/min) 大规格Large size 中规格Medium size 小规格 Small size 16:00 13 43.3±1.5a 92.7±7.6b 126.7±14.2c 20:00 14 57.7±4.2a 98.0±5.0b 133.7±12.0c 0:00 15 64.3±3.2a 120.3±3.8b 133.3±8.4c 4:00 16 68.0±5.3a 124.0±1.0b 138.3±12.5b 8:00 17 90.3±3.1a 130.7±7.2b 145.7±7.2c 12:00 18 96.3±4.5a 127.7±2.1b 146.3±5.9c 16:00 19 96.0±8.7a 125.3±3.8b 148.7±3.5c 20:00 20 110.0±20.0a 138.3±3.5b 156.0±3.0b 0:00 21 106.3±16.0a 140.7±1.5b 153.0±3.0b 4:00 22 123.0±2.6a 152.0±4.6b 162.0±3.0c 8:00 23 121.3±7.0a 150.0±3.0b 162.0±3.0c 12:00 24 120.0±3.0a 154.7±5.1b 163.7±8.1b 16:00 25 119.7±0.6a 154.0±3.5b 166.0±3.5c 20:00 26 121.3±2.9a 148.7±6.4b 171.0±7.9c 0:00 27 127.0±1.7a 150.7±6.8b 173.0±7.5c 4:00 28 127.7±5.1a 145.7±3.8b 161.0±4.6c 8:00 29 145.3±2.3a 149.0±7.5a 147.3±3.1a 12:00 30 152.3±2.0a 163.0±1.7a 152.7±8.5a 16:00 31 163.7±9.0a 166.3±1.5ab 155.0±1.7b 20:00 32 161.0±5.6A 160.0±4.6A 0:00 33 157.0±1.7A 4:00 34 164.7±5.5A 8:00 35 164.7±10.8A 注: 数据为平均值±标准差。同列及同行数字上标大写字母相同时为差异不显著(P>0.05); 同行数字上标小写字母不同为差异显著 (P<0.05); 同行数字上标小写字母相同为差异不显著 (P>0.05); 下同Note: Data are presented by Mean±SD. Capital letters with superscripts in the same column and line are not significantly different (P>0.05); different superscripts in the same line are significantly different (P<0.05); same superscripts in the same line are not significantly different (P>0.05). The same applies below
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表 6 温度降低对三种规格拉萨裂腹鱼呼吸频率的影响
Table 6 The effect of reduced temperature on the breathing rate of three sizes of Schizothorax waltoni
时间Time 温度Temperature
(℃)呼吸频率(次/min)Breathing rate (time/min) 大规格Large size 中规格Medium size 小规格 Small size 20:00 12 43.0±3.0a 92.3±8.1b 118.7±4.5c 0:00 11 44.0±3.0a 101.7±3.5b 106.7±14.0b 4:00 10 45.0±1.0a 68.0±7.5b 88.7±7.5b 8:00 9 46.3±3.1a 64.0±4.6b 82.7±3.8c 12:00 8 44.0±1.7a 68.0±6.2b 84.0±5.2c 16:00 7 42.3±0.6a 67.0±6.2b 72.0±3.0b 20:00 6 42.0±3.0a 58.7±1.5b 69.7±5.0c 0:00 5 38.0±3.5a 47.0±6.2ab 58.0±9.2b 4:00 4 32.7±6.5a 45.0±5.2a 43.0±11.4a 8:00 3 28.7±2.1a 26.0±4.6a 42.3±9.8b 12:00 2 22.3±5.1a 17.0±3.5a 32.7±3.5b 16:00 1 22.7±2.3a 18.0±3.0ab 26.7±3.1b 20:00 0 12.0±3.0a 16.0±1.7ab 11.7±0.6b
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