Abstract: This paper describes a new species of the genus Caenestheria Daday, 1914, named Caenestheria shiquanica sp. nov. The new species was found in the try rearing ponds for freshwater fish near the Shiquan Reservoir, Junan County (35°10′N, 118°52′E), Shandong Province. 16 species of this genus have hitherto been reported in the world. The species reserebling the new one is C. kawamurai (Uéno, 1940)Hu, 1988. The main morphological characters of the new species are as follows. The dorsal margin of shell is wavelike; a distinct angle is formed at the junction of the hinge-line and the hind margin of shell; the sides of the shell except the dorsal margin are hairy; 16 growth lines exist on the surface of the shell. In both sexes, the rostra are acute and narrow, and the occipital notches are broad and shallow. The antennule has 20 sensory lobes in the male but 14 in the female; both flagella of the antenna are composed of 12 joints. The trunk is composed of 25 segments of which the last 17 are armed dorsally with teeth and spines. The lst 2 pairs of trunk legs are prehensile in the male; the palp at the top of the 4th endite of the endopodite in the lst pair looks like a slender thumb while that in the 2nd is like an oblong egg. The 9th and 10th legs are ovigerous in the female. The upper side of telson has 8 spines in the male, but there are 2 rows of spines on the upper side of telson in the female, with 16 spines in the lower row, and 13 in the upper row. The forked hair filaments are near the lst spine in the male, but between the lst and 2nd spines in the female. 14 illustrations of the new species are provided. The types are deposited in the Aquatic-animal Specimens Room of the Fisheries College, Ocean University of Qingdao.