1998 Vol. 22 No. 2
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 101-105.
Abstract：
The growth of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) in axenic and co-ultures was studied. The abundance of PSB co-cultured with PSB strains or with heterotrophic bacteria strains was higher than that in axenic culture. The study of the interaction between PSB and heterotrophic bacteria strains revealed the relationship of synergism and /or commensalism.
The growth of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) in axenic and co-ultures was studied. The abundance of PSB co-cultured with PSB strains or with heterotrophic bacteria strains was higher than that in axenic culture. The study of the interaction between PSB and heterotrophic bacteria strains revealed the relationship of synergism and /or commensalism.
Open Access
Abstract：
Analyses of the composition of mineral elements in carcepace and muscle were carried out in one-year old (weight: 100-125g), two-year old (weight: 220-225g) and three-year old (weight: 450-480g)Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis). In muscle and carcepace of turtle there are more than 22 kinds of mineral elementS.There are rich trace mineral elements of important physiological functions,such as selenium, zinc and iron. The content of selenium. zinc and iron in the muscle of the turtle is 0.539, 3.32 and 26.7 respectively and in carcepace 1.495. 8.12 and 8.8 respectively. (unit: milligram per 100 gram sample). On the basis of analysis and comparison, the nutrition value and special medical value of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle are confirmed and the theoretical grounds to develop coordinating diet of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle are provided in this paper.
Analyses of the composition of mineral elements in carcepace and muscle were carried out in one-year old (weight: 100-125g), two-year old (weight: 220-225g) and three-year old (weight: 450-480g)Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis). In muscle and carcepace of turtle there are more than 22 kinds of mineral elementS.There are rich trace mineral elements of important physiological functions,such as selenium, zinc and iron. The content of selenium. zinc and iron in the muscle of the turtle is 0.539, 3.32 and 26.7 respectively and in carcepace 1.495. 8.12 and 8.8 respectively. (unit: milligram per 100 gram sample). On the basis of analysis and comparison, the nutrition value and special medical value of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle are confirmed and the theoretical grounds to develop coordinating diet of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle are provided in this paper.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 112-118.
Abstract：
The metallothionein (MT) is induced from synechococcus cedrorum growing in medium added gradually with cadmium chloride,and purified and characterized by means of Sephadex G-50. DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) and Sephadex G-25 colunm chromatography. The results show MT has no isoforms and is demonstrated to be homogenous by SDS-PAGE. Each molecule of MT contains 10 mercapto groups and combines with 5 cadmium atoms. Its molechlar weight is about 7.6KD,with isoelectric point being about pH4.5.Its cysteine resides account for 15.5% of all amino acid resides. The MT with a characteristic absorption maxium at 250nm is poorly stable with a large decrease of the absorption peak in low pH, and contains a little aromatic acid.
The metallothionein (MT) is induced from synechococcus cedrorum growing in medium added gradually with cadmium chloride,and purified and characterized by means of Sephadex G-50. DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) and Sephadex G-25 colunm chromatography. The results show MT has no isoforms and is demonstrated to be homogenous by SDS-PAGE. Each molecule of MT contains 10 mercapto groups and combines with 5 cadmium atoms. Its molechlar weight is about 7.6KD,with isoelectric point being about pH4.5.Its cysteine resides account for 15.5% of all amino acid resides. The MT with a characteristic absorption maxium at 250nm is poorly stable with a large decrease of the absorption peak in low pH, and contains a little aromatic acid.
Open Access
Abstract：
We have used the method of fluorescence microphotometry to compare the relative DNA content of erythrocyte of the artificial multiple triploid fish with DNA contents of erythrocyte and spermatozoa of its three parental forms: red carp, red crucian carp and scatter-scaled mirror carp. The results indicated that the cellular DNA content of the triploid fish is the sum of its three parental spermatozoa DNA contents, and half the sum of the three parental erythrocyte DNA contents.Chromosome preparations made from leucocyte cultures showed that the artificial multiple triploid carp has a chromosomal number of 150, and all the fore parental forms have 100. Therefore, we have proved that there is a close correlation between the artificial multiple triploid carp and its diploid parents in both chromosomal numbers and relative DNA contents.
We have used the method of fluorescence microphotometry to compare the relative DNA content of erythrocyte of the artificial multiple triploid fish with DNA contents of erythrocyte and spermatozoa of its three parental forms: red carp, red crucian carp and scatter-scaled mirror carp. The results indicated that the cellular DNA content of the triploid fish is the sum of its three parental spermatozoa DNA contents, and half the sum of the three parental erythrocyte DNA contents.Chromosome preparations made from leucocyte cultures showed that the artificial multiple triploid carp has a chromosomal number of 150, and all the fore parental forms have 100. Therefore, we have proved that there is a close correlation between the artificial multiple triploid carp and its diploid parents in both chromosomal numbers and relative DNA contents.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 123-127.
Abstract：
The researches about reed (Phragmites communis) growth were mainlyconcentrated on seasonal dynamics, investigation of large area resource, and comparison of different ecological forms of reed. The study on size distribution of reed,however, was scarcely reported. By means of fractal geometric theory of non-linear science, we studied the fractal character of growth pattern of reed, for the purpose of quantitatively exploring the mechanism of reed growth. The classical method of studying size distribution is to draw histogram and then to fit distribution curve. It is well known, however, that the obtained histogram is strongly depended on the number of class interval and its correspondent width. The determination of rational number and width of class interval is somewhat arbitrary, since it is gotten according to analyst’s experience. In general, there are a certain similarity among histograms described at different class number of class interval and width somehow. It implies that we could use the fractal geometry to analyze the relationship among them, and reach more reliable conclusion.The data we used in our analyses is from the monthly sampling in Caogang Lake (114°E, 35°N), an emergent macrophyte dominated lake in Fengqiu Experimental Area of the Huanghuaihai Plain, Henan Province, P. R.China The way to calculate fractal dimension (FD) of reed growth is box-dimension (BD) and information dimension (ID).Because the longest reed occasionally exceeds 400 cm, for the reason of convenience,we define the largest scale S=400 cm. Halving the scale S until it could recognize each individual reed (S0.8), but is irregular in the middle and later growth season (fractal dimension<0.7). These results are benefit to reach the goal of rational use of reed resources and to protect the biodiversity in wehand ecosystem.
The researches about reed (Phragmites communis) growth were mainlyconcentrated on seasonal dynamics, investigation of large area resource, and comparison of different ecological forms of reed. The study on size distribution of reed,however, was scarcely reported. By means of fractal geometric theory of non-linear science, we studied the fractal character of growth pattern of reed, for the purpose of quantitatively exploring the mechanism of reed growth. The classical method of studying size distribution is to draw histogram and then to fit distribution curve. It is well known, however, that the obtained histogram is strongly depended on the number of class interval and its correspondent width. The determination of rational number and width of class interval is somewhat arbitrary, since it is gotten according to analyst’s experience. In general, there are a certain similarity among histograms described at different class number of class interval and width somehow. It implies that we could use the fractal geometry to analyze the relationship among them, and reach more reliable conclusion.The data we used in our analyses is from the monthly sampling in Caogang Lake (114°E, 35°N), an emergent macrophyte dominated lake in Fengqiu Experimental Area of the Huanghuaihai Plain, Henan Province, P. R.China The way to calculate fractal dimension (FD) of reed growth is box-dimension (BD) and information dimension (ID).Because the longest reed occasionally exceeds 400 cm, for the reason of convenience,we define the largest scale S=400 cm. Halving the scale S until it could recognize each individual reed (S0.8), but is irregular in the middle and later growth season (fractal dimension<0.7). These results are benefit to reach the goal of rational use of reed resources and to protect the biodiversity in wehand ecosystem.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 128-134.
Abstract：
Postembryonic development and growth of laboratory cultured rare minnow,Gobiocypris rarus were studied from 1990 to 1993. The postembryonic development is divided into early-stage larva. late-stage larva and juvenile period on the basis of the external morphology, internal morphogenesis and biological characters. A total of 11 stages are subdivided among the three periods. At the water temperature ranging from 24.7 to 31.8℃, the postembryonic development lasts 25 to 30 days, and the larva grows uniformly with a growth rate 0.52mm per day. Cultulal conditions influence the development and growth effectively. In similar conditions, descendants from different populahons grow at the same growth rate no matter whether their parents were captured in Hanyuan County, Guanxian County, or Penxian County.
Postembryonic development and growth of laboratory cultured rare minnow,Gobiocypris rarus were studied from 1990 to 1993. The postembryonic development is divided into early-stage larva. late-stage larva and juvenile period on the basis of the external morphology, internal morphogenesis and biological characters. A total of 11 stages are subdivided among the three periods. At the water temperature ranging from 24.7 to 31.8℃, the postembryonic development lasts 25 to 30 days, and the larva grows uniformly with a growth rate 0.52mm per day. Cultulal conditions influence the development and growth effectively. In similar conditions, descendants from different populahons grow at the same growth rate no matter whether their parents were captured in Hanyuan County, Guanxian County, or Penxian County.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 135-142.
Abstract：
Community structure of copepods, including species composition, population dyamics and standing crops, was studied in a shallow, macrophytic lake, Lake Biandantang (Hubei, China). During one year study, 14 species (9 Cyclopoida and 5 Calanoida) were found. In terms of annual average density, the dominant Cyclopoida were Mesocyclops nortius, Cyclops vincinus vincinus and Thermocyclops Thermocyclops brevifurcatus, and meanwhile Neodiaptomus yantsekiangensis and Sinocalanus dorrii dominated the Calanoida.A comparison of species composition of Copepoda in five macrophytic lakes along the Chanajiang River shows that the species number of Copepoda is not proportional to the surface area of the lake, which is not Coincident with Didson’s conclusion on the positive relationship of lake surface area yis-a-vis cladocera species number in European.and North American Lakes. It was also found that although there were as many as 35 species of planktonic Copepda in these lakes, the dominants were quite similarly limited to a few genus or a few species, while the most other species only appeared incidentally.
Community structure of copepods, including species composition, population dyamics and standing crops, was studied in a shallow, macrophytic lake, Lake Biandantang (Hubei, China). During one year study, 14 species (9 Cyclopoida and 5 Calanoida) were found. In terms of annual average density, the dominant Cyclopoida were Mesocyclops nortius, Cyclops vincinus vincinus and Thermocyclops Thermocyclops brevifurcatus, and meanwhile Neodiaptomus yantsekiangensis and Sinocalanus dorrii dominated the Calanoida.A comparison of species composition of Copepoda in five macrophytic lakes along the Chanajiang River shows that the species number of Copepoda is not proportional to the surface area of the lake, which is not Coincident with Didson’s conclusion on the positive relationship of lake surface area yis-a-vis cladocera species number in European.and North American Lakes. It was also found that although there were as many as 35 species of planktonic Copepda in these lakes, the dominants were quite similarly limited to a few genus or a few species, while the most other species only appeared incidentally.
Open Access
Abstract：
The overwintering survival rate of the mature yearling Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis, was 11%. The survinal curve can be expressed as Y=1.09exp (-0.018x)(Y:survival rate, x:days) from Dec. to Jul. During cultivation period in a small basin (3.3 hm2) of Bac’ An lake, the drily feeding rate of mature crabs was not higher than 1.2% when fed on fish meat. The mature crabs did not cast off their crusts, and the last one died in the middle of July. On the basis of samples of mature crabs in Biandan-tang lake and the small bay, and obersavations of the crabs' behavior and the survival rate of the mature crabs, it is proposed that the mature yearling crabs may not be suitable for aquaculture in macrophytic lakes. But the precocious crabs can be harvested before April each year.
The overwintering survival rate of the mature yearling Chinese mitten-handed crab, Eriocheir sinensis, was 11%. The survinal curve can be expressed as Y=1.09exp (-0.018x)(Y:survival rate, x:days) from Dec. to Jul. During cultivation period in a small basin (3.3 hm2) of Bac’ An lake, the drily feeding rate of mature crabs was not higher than 1.2% when fed on fish meat. The mature crabs did not cast off their crusts, and the last one died in the middle of July. On the basis of samples of mature crabs in Biandan-tang lake and the small bay, and obersavations of the crabs' behavior and the survival rate of the mature crabs, it is proposed that the mature yearling crabs may not be suitable for aquaculture in macrophytic lakes. But the precocious crabs can be harvested before April each year.
Open Access
Abstract：
The five brain stems of the mandar in fish, Siniperca chuatsi, were examined by means of silver－impregnation methylene-blue and H.E staining. There are centers of nine pairs of cranial nerves except the first pair of oranial nerve in the bain stem. Their sensory centers were generally located in the dorsal areas of the bain stem, and the motorial centers in the ventral areas. According to the areas occupied by the centers, the optic tectum is the first then the cerebello－acoustico－lateral center－octavus nuclei; the vagal lobes and ambiguous nuclei are the third. Although the seventh nuclei do not stick out and form the facial lobe the area held by the seventh nuclei was widely located in the lateral wall of the Ⅳ ventricle. The features of the mandarin fish＇s brain stem are of significance to its predation habit.
The five brain stems of the mandar in fish, Siniperca chuatsi, were examined by means of silver－impregnation methylene-blue and H.E staining. There are centers of nine pairs of cranial nerves except the first pair of oranial nerve in the bain stem. Their sensory centers were generally located in the dorsal areas of the bain stem, and the motorial centers in the ventral areas. According to the areas occupied by the centers, the optic tectum is the first then the cerebello－acoustico－lateral center－octavus nuclei; the vagal lobes and ambiguous nuclei are the third. Although the seventh nuclei do not stick out and form the facial lobe the area held by the seventh nuclei was widely located in the lateral wall of the Ⅳ ventricle. The features of the mandarin fish＇s brain stem are of significance to its predation habit.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 158-163.
Abstract：
The ultrastructure of hemocytes of Penaeus chinensis, P. japonicus, P.penicillatus and P. monodon, was studied. Four Kinds of blood cells were distinguished according to their morphology, structure and the ultrastructure of granules. The hyaline hemocytes contain characteristic granules, and may be active in phagocytoses. The small-granule hemocytes which contained small rounded electrondense-granule and large striated granules may play a Key role in the immune reaction of the prawns. The large-granule hemocytes which contained large electrondense homogeneous granules may be involved in the defence of the host. The plasma-like cell which did not contain granules is brimmed with laminal rough endoplasmic reticulum.
The ultrastructure of hemocytes of Penaeus chinensis, P. japonicus, P.penicillatus and P. monodon, was studied. Four Kinds of blood cells were distinguished according to their morphology, structure and the ultrastructure of granules. The hyaline hemocytes contain characteristic granules, and may be active in phagocytoses. The small-granule hemocytes which contained small rounded electrondense-granule and large striated granules may play a Key role in the immune reaction of the prawns. The large-granule hemocytes which contained large electrondense homogeneous granules may be involved in the defence of the host. The plasma-like cell which did not contain granules is brimmed with laminal rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 164-167.
Abstract：
This paper reports a new species: Synchaeta arcifera. arcifera. sp. nov.and tow records of China: Trichocerca marina (Daday, 1890),Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet,1910. Type specimens are deposited in the Bioengineering College, Fujian Normal University.The new species with the following characteristics new to the taxonomy:1. Contracted specimens are of Crescent moon-shaped from lateral view.2. No foot and toe of these specimens can be observed whether living or in formalin. Latter part of body is of horn-shaped (or digenerate foot and toe?).3. Anus situated in the latter back of body.4. Uncus asymmetric,the right having 6 teeth and the left 7. Inner one of eachside—ginkgoleaf-shaped, remainders—sword-shaped.Remark:New species with stomach black-greenish or black-grownish and containing several black food vacuoles, the same case can be observed only in Ascomorpha of Gastropodidae, therefore the author suggests that new species is of close relation to Ascomorpha. Type specimens was collected from Mu-lan xi river (brackish water) Pu-tian city, Fujian province, China. Nov.20. 1993.
This paper reports a new species: Synchaeta arcifera. arcifera. sp. nov.and tow records of China: Trichocerca marina (Daday, 1890),Anuraeopsis navicula Rousselet,1910. Type specimens are deposited in the Bioengineering College, Fujian Normal University.The new species with the following characteristics new to the taxonomy:1. Contracted specimens are of Crescent moon-shaped from lateral view.2. No foot and toe of these specimens can be observed whether living or in formalin. Latter part of body is of horn-shaped (or digenerate foot and toe?).3. Anus situated in the latter back of body.4. Uncus asymmetric,the right having 6 teeth and the left 7. Inner one of eachside—ginkgoleaf-shaped, remainders—sword-shaped.Remark:New species with stomach black-greenish or black-grownish and containing several black food vacuoles, the same case can be observed only in Ascomorpha of Gastropodidae, therefore the author suggests that new species is of close relation to Ascomorpha. Type specimens was collected from Mu-lan xi river (brackish water) Pu-tian city, Fujian province, China. Nov.20. 1993.
Open Access
Abstract：
Intra-and inter-population genetic variation of grass carp, red common carp and common carp was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The RAPD patterns of grass carp (Ctenophoryngodon idellus) were remarkably different from those of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the inter-population average band sharing between grass carp and the two common carps (red common carp and common carp) were 0.2583 and 0.2394, respectively, and the cormsponding genetic distances between them were 0.9362 and 1.2277. However, the RAPD patterns of red common carp and common carp were very similar, with the average band sharing between them being 0.7162 and genetic distance 0.0947. The intra-population average band sharing of grass carp, red common carp and common carp were 0.8424, 0.7819 and 0.7928, respectively, average band frequency were 0.82,0.71 and 0.74, respectively, and the genetic variability were 0.18, 0.29 and 0.26,respectively.
Intra-and inter-population genetic variation of grass carp, red common carp and common carp was analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The RAPD patterns of grass carp (Ctenophoryngodon idellus) were remarkably different from those of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and the inter-population average band sharing between grass carp and the two common carps (red common carp and common carp) were 0.2583 and 0.2394, respectively, and the cormsponding genetic distances between them were 0.9362 and 1.2277. However, the RAPD patterns of red common carp and common carp were very similar, with the average band sharing between them being 0.7162 and genetic distance 0.0947. The intra-population average band sharing of grass carp, red common carp and common carp were 0.8424, 0.7819 and 0.7928, respectively, average band frequency were 0.82,0.71 and 0.74, respectively, and the genetic variability were 0.18, 0.29 and 0.26,respectively.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 174-180.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 181-188.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 189-191.
Open Access
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 195-197.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 198-199.
Open Access
1998, 22(2): 200-200.
