DIETARY AFLATOXIN B1 ON GROWTH, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND HISTOLOGY IN HEPATOPANCREAS OF JUVENILE RED SWAMP CRAWFISH (PROCAMBARUS CLARKII)
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Abstract
To evaluate the effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, feed efficiency, and histological changes in juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), crayfish with initial body weight of (0.382±0.005) g were fed with four diets containing 0, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/kg AFB1 for a 42-day trial. Significant lower survival rate (SR), feeding rate (FR), final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) were observed in 100 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg AFB1 group, while no significant differences were found in 10 μg/kg group compared to control group. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (AKP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate, aminotransferase (AST), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatopancreas between the control and 10 μg/kg AFB1 group, while significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in 10 μg/kg AFB1 group. AFB1 above 100 μg/kg significantly impacted activities of the aforementioned hepatopancreas enzymes. Slight histological changes were identified in hepatopancreas of 10 μg/kg AFB1 group. However, severe lesions of hepatopancreas were found in 100 μg/kg and 1000 μg/kg AFB1 group, which showed decreased numbers of R-cells and increased numbers of B-cells. The ultrastructural results showed that with the increase of AFB1 concentration, hepatopancreas demonstrated swelling mitochondria, expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased cytoplasmic vesicles and larger lipid droplets. No AFB1 residues were detected in whole body when crayfish were fed with AFB1 up to 100 μg/kg, however, tiny dose (1.65 μg/kg) of AFB1 were detected in the group with 1000 μg/kg AFB1, which was below the safety limitation of FDA. In summary, dietary AFB1 above 10 μg/kg had an adverse effect on juvenile crayfish, which indicated that red swamp crayfish was a sensitive species to AFB1.
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