DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (<i>CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA</i>)

DONG Li-Xue; XIE Shou-Qi; ZHOU Liang; LU Xing; TIAN Juan; YU Li-Juan; WEN Hua; XIAO Jiang-Rong; JIANG Ming

doi:10.7541/2023.2022.0268

Volume 47 Issue 2

Jan. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA > 2023 > 47(2): 217-226. > DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268 CSTR: 32229.14.SSSWXB.2022.0268

DONG Li-Xue, XIE Shou-Qi, ZHOU Liang, LU Xing, TIAN Juan, YU Li-Juan, WEN Hua, XIAO Jiang-Rong, JIANG Ming. DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2023, 47(2): 217-226. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0268

Citation:

PDF (782 KB)

DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)

1.
Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430073, China
2.
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
3.
Wuchang Shouyi University, Wuhan 430064, China

Funds: Supported by the National Key R&D Program “Blue Granary Technology Innovation” Key Projects(2019YFD0900200); Innovation and entrepreneurship project for college students(X202112309013)

Received Date: June 28, 2022
Rev Recd Date: September 01, 2022
Available Online: September 25, 2022
Published Date: February 14, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein source and stocking density on growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). A two-factor orthogonal experiment (3×5) was used to evaluate the effects of soybean meal (SM), Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Tenebrio molito (TM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) and Chlorella (CH) for grass carps with three stocking density. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared with the five protein sources as a single protein source, respectively. Grass carps with an initial body weight of (5.36±0.18) g were fed with the five test diets at three stocking density (0.11, 0.16 and 0.21 kg/m³_,) for 60 days in pond cages (1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m), respectively. The results showed that the feed coefficient (FCR) increased, and the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency (PER) and liver index (HSI) decreased with the increase of stocking density. Under the three stocking densities, FCR in TM group was significantly higher than that of other protein source groups (P<0.05), and FBW, SGR, WGR and PER were significantly lower than those in other protein source groups (P<0.05). The growth performance of grass carp in the 0.11 and 0.16 kg/m³ stocking density groups were similar, and were significantly better than that in the 0.21 kg/m³ stocking density group (P<0.05). Protein source and stocking density had no significant effects on the moisture, crude protein and ash content of the whole grass carp (P>0.05). The crude fat content of grass carp in the 0.21 kg/m³ stocking density group was significantly lower than that in other stocking density groups (P<0.05), and the serum biochemical indexes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) were significantly higher than those in other stocking density groups (P<0.05). Regardless of the stocking density, the serum albumin (ALB) content of the CH group was significantly higher than that in the CAP group, the TM group and the CPC group (P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activity of TM group was significantly higher than that in the CAP group (P<0.05). Based on the protein efficiency and weight gain rate, the ability of grass carp to utilize the five protein sources was CAP=CH=CPC =SM>TM.
- Protein source,
- Stocking density,
- Growth performance,
- Body composition,
- Serum biochemical parameters,
- Ctenopharyngodon idella

FullText(HTML)

References (43)

References

[1]	李爱杰. 水产动物营养与饲料学 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1996: 1-2. Li A J. Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed Science [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 1996: 1-2.
[2]	Hua K, Cobcroft J M, Cole A, et al. The future of aquatic protein: implications for protein sources in aquaculture diets [J]. One Earth, 2019, 1(3): 316-329. doi: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.10.018
[3]	Boyd C E, McNevin A A, Davis R P. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply [J]. Food Security, 2022, 14(3): 805-827. doi: 10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9
[4]	Bondad-Reantaso M G, Subasinghe R P, Josupeit H, et al. The role of crustacean fisheries and aquaculture in global food security: Past, present and future [J]. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2012, 110(2): 158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.010
[5]	麦康森, 张文兵. 非粮型蛋白质饲料资源开发现状与高效利用策略 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2019: 1-8. Mai K S, Zhang W B. Development Status and Efficient Utilization Strategy of Feed Resources in Non-Grain Protein [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2019: 1-8.
[6]	国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系. 草鱼产业发展报告 [J]. 中国水产, 2021(2): 26-37. National Technology System Conventional Freshwater Fish Industry. Development report of grass carp industry [J]. China Fisheries, 2021(2): 26-37.
[7]	Zhu S, Gao W, Wen Z, et al. Partial substitution of fish meal by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in the diets of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2022(22): 100938.
[8]	任顺, 于宏, 初宇轩, 等. 黄粉虫代替鱼粉对锦鲤血浆及肝脏生化指标的影响 [J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(18): 53-57. doi: 10.13557/j.cnki.issn1002-2813.2021.18.013 Ren S, Yu H, Chu Y X, et al. Effect of Tenebrio molitor replacing fish meal on blood and liver biochemical indexes of koi carp [J]. Feed Research, 2021, 44(18): 53-57. doi: 10.13557/j.cnki.issn1002-2813.2021.18.013
[9]	Xu W, Gao Z, Qi Z, et al. Effect of dietary Chlorella on the growth performance and physiological parameters of gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio [J]. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2014, 14(1): 53-57.
[10]	薛敏. 棉籽浓缩蛋白加工工艺及其在水产饲料中营养价值 [J]. 饲料工业, 2021, 42(12): 1-5. doi: 10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2021.12.001 Xue M. Processing of cottonseed protein concentrated and its nutrient values in aquatic feed [J]. Feed Industry, 2021, 42(12): 1-5. doi: 10.13302/j.cnki.fi.2021.12.001
[11]	Maulu S, Hualiang L, Ke J, et al. Dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein modulates intestinal absorption, antioxidant status, and immune response in GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles [J]. Aquaculture Research, 2021, 52(11): 5787-5799. doi: 10.1111/are.15454
[12]	Gu J, Liang H, Ge X, et al. A study of the potential effect of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) substitution for fish meal on growth, immune and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) [J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2022(120): 214-221.
[13]	El-Habashi N, Fadl S E, Farag H F, et al. Effect of using Spirulina and Chlorella as feed additives for elevating immunity status of Nile tilapia experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila [J]. Aquaculture Research, 2019, 50(10): 2769-2781. doi: 10.1111/are.14229
[14]	Li W, Wu H, Zhang L, et al. Effects of replacing soybean meal protein with cottonseed protein concentrate on the growth condition and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2021, 27(6): 2436-2447. doi: 10.1111/anu.13375
[15]	James T, Alisdair B, Colin A, et al. Stocking density and welfare of cage farmed Atlantic salmon: application of a multivariate analysis [J]. Aquaculture, 2004, 243(1): 121-132.
[16]	张晓, 梁萌青, 卫育良, 等. 饲料中蛋白质含量及养殖密度对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长性能、氮排泄及相关生化指标的影响 [J]. 渔业科学进展, 2021, 42(1): 74-83. doi: 10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20191028001 Zhang X, Liang M Q, Wei Y L, et al. Effects of dietary protein content and stocking density on growth performance, nitrogen excretion, and relevant biochemical parameters of juvenile Takifugu rubripes [J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2021, 42(1): 74-83. doi: 10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20191028001
[17]	Timalsina P, Yadav C N R, Lamsal G P, et al. Effect of stocking density and source of animal protein on growth and survival of rainbow trout fingerlings in flow-through system at Nuwakot, Nepal [J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2017(8): 58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2017.10.002
[18]	陈洁. 养殖密度对草鱼脂肪蓄积、脂肪代谢及相关基因表达的影响 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2017: 1-6. Chen J. Effect of stocking density on lipid accumulation and the expression level of genes related to lipid metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2017: 1-6.
[19]	Yadata G W, Ji K, Liang H, et al. Effects of dietary protein levels with various stocking density on growth performance, whole body composit-ion, plasma parameters, nitrogen emission and gene expression related to TOR signaling of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama ambylcephala) [J]. Aquaculture, 2020(519): 734730-734730. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734730
[20]	Daudpota A M, Kalhoro I B, Shah S A, et al. Effect of stocking densities on growth, production and survival rate of red tilapia in hapa at fish hatchery Chilya Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan [J]. Journal of Fisheries, 2014, 2(3): 180-186. doi: 10.17017/j.fish.88
[21]	Long L, Zhang H, Ni Q, et al. Effects of stocking density on growth, stress, and immune responses of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in a recirculating aquaculture system [J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2019(219): 25-34.
[22]	Yuan H, Chen F, Xu Q, et al. Effects of different stocking densities on growth, serum steroid hormone concentrations, gonadosomatic index and sex reversal in the rice field eel, Monopterus albus (Zuiew) [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011(142): 233-237. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.142.233
[23]	李大鹏, 庄平, 严安生, 等. 光照、水流和养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼摄食、行为和生长的影响 [J]. 水产学报, 2004, 28(1): 54-61. Li D P, Zhuang P, Yan A S, et al. The influences of illumination, water current and stocking density on feeding, behavior and growth in juveniles Acipenser schrenckii [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2004, 28(1): 54-61.
[24]	Aliyu-Paiko M, Hashim R. Effects of substituting dietary fish oil with crude palm oil and palm fatty acid distillate on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in snakehead (Channa striatus, Bloch 1793) fingerling [J]. Aquaculture Research, 2012, 43(5): 767-776. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02888.x
[25]	Prabu E, Felix N, Uma A. Optimizing amino acid balance in fish meal-free diets for GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by deletion method [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2021, 27(4): 1031-1041. doi: 10.1111/anu.13244
[26]	Jeong S M, Khosravi S, Kim K W, et al. Potential of mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, meal as a sustainable dietary protein source for juvenile black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii [J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2022(22): 100956. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100956
[27]	石西, 罗智, 黄超, 等. 小球藻替代鱼粉对鲫生长、体组成、肝脏脂肪代谢及其组织学的影响 [J]. 水生生物学报, 2015, 39(3): 498-506. doi: 10.7541/2015.66 Shi X, Luo Z, Huang C, et al. Effect of substituting Chlorella sp. for regular fishmeal on growth, body composition, hepatic lipid metabolism and histology in crucian carp Carassius auratus [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2015, 39(3): 498-506. doi: 10.7541/2015.66
[28]	赵鸿昊. 养殖密度和投喂模式对草鱼肌肉品质和代谢调控的影响 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2019: 1-5. Zhao H H. The effects of stocking density and feeding models on muscle quality and metabolic regulations of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2019: 1-5.
[29]	Pohlenz C, Buentello A, Criscitiello M F, et al. Synergies between vaccination and dietary arginine and glutamine supplementation improve the immune response of channel catfish against Edwardsiella ictaluri [J]. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 2012, 33(3): 543-551. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.06.005
[30]	魏洪城, 郁欢欢, 陈晓明, 等. 乙醇梭菌蛋白替代豆粕对草鱼生长性能、血浆生化指标及肝胰脏和肠道组织病理的影响 [J]. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(10): 4190-4201. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.045 Wei H C, Yu H H, Chen X M, et al. Effects of soybean meal replaced by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth performanc, plasma biochemical indexes and hepatopancreas and intestinal histopathology of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idllus) [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(10): 4190-4201. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.10.045
[31]	Liu H, Yan Q, Han D, et al. Effect of dietary inclusion of cottonseed meal on growth performance and physiological and immune responses in juvenile grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus [J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2018: anu.12867. doi: 10.1111/anu.12867
[32]	Jia R, Liu B, Han C, et al. Influence of stocking density on growth performance, antioxidant status, and physiological response of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximu, reared in land-based recirculating aquaculture system [J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2016, 47(4): 587-599. doi: 10.1111/jwas.12295
[33]	倪金金. 池塘工程化循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长与生理机能的影响 [D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2020: 6-9. Ni J J. Effects of stocking density on growth and physiology of micropterus salmoides reared in in-pond raceway culture systems [D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2020: 6-9.
[34]	张海恩, 何玉英, 李健, 等. 不同养殖密度对中国明对虾生长和能量代谢的影响 [J]. 渔业科学进展, 2021, 42(05): 70-76. doi: 10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20200326001 Zhang H E, He Y Y, Li J, et al. Effects of different stocking densities on the growth and energy metabolism of Fenneropenaeus chinensis [J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2021, 42(05): 70-76. doi: 10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20200326001
[35]	Lochmann R T, Phillips H, Weldon D, et al. Effects of dietary protein and fish density on performance and production economics of Golden Shiners in pools [J]. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 2014, 76(2): 130-137. doi: 10.1080/15222055.2013.864738
[36]	Refaey M M, Li D, Tian X, et al. High stocking density alters growth performance, blood biochemistry, intestinal histology, and muscle quality of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus [J]. Aquaculture, 2018(492): 73-81. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.04.003
[37]	魏玉强, 徐奇友, 位莹莹, 等. 不同蛋白源饲料中添加α-酮戊二酸对松浦镜鲤肌肉成分、血清氨基酸和生化指标的影响 [J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2015(1): 94-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9369.2015.01.015 Wei Y Q, Xu Y Q, Wei Y Y, et al. Effect of α- ketoglutarate supplementation in different protein sources of diets on muscle composition, serum amino acids and biochemical indices of Songpu mirror carp [J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2015(1): 94-100. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-9369.2015.01.015
[38]	杨震飞. 池塘跑道式养殖系统下密度应激对团头鲂生长、Nrf2通路的影响及大黄提取物的调控研究 [D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2019: 14-20. Yanag Z F. Effect of high density stress on Nrf2 pathway and the regulation mechanism of emodin in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) reared under in-pond raceway conditions [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2019: 14-20.
[39]	王腾腾. 两种新型鲆鲽类网箱养殖试验及密度对网箱养殖褐牙鲆的影响 [D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2016: 34-39. Wang T T. Experiments of flatfish culture using two new-style net cages and effect of farming density on Paralichthys olivaceus [D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2016: 34-39.
[40]	张奇. 圈养模式下养殖密度对大口黑鲈生长、生理指标以及肌肉品质影响的研究 [D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2020: 28-32. Zhang Q. Study on the effects of stocking density on growth, physiological indexes and muscle quality of micropterus salmoides [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2020: 28-32.
[41]	Ni M, Wen H, Li J, et al. The physiological performance and immune responses of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to stocking density and hypoxia stress [J]. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014, 36(2): 325-335.
[42]	Molina R, Moreno I, Pichardo S, et al. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities and pathological changes induced in tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) exposed subchronically to microcystins from toxic cyanobacterial blooms under laboratory conditions [J]. Toxicon, 2005, 46(7): 725-735. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.07.012
[43]	Fang P F, He J Z, Lv M, et al. Effect of dietary Tenebrio molitor protein on growth performance and immunological parameters in Macrobrachium rosenbergii [J]. Aquaculture, 2019(511): 734247. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734247

Cited By

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (967) PDF downloads (77)

DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)

Abstract

References

Catalog

Related

DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE AND STOCKING DENSITY ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BODY COMPOSITION AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GRASS CARP (CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA)

Abstract

References

Catalog

Related

Export File

Citation

Format

Content