REPRODUCTION TIME AND MAIN INFLUENCING FACTORS OF SCHIZOTHORAX PRENANTI IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE DADU RIVER
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摘要:
为了解天然条件下齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)的繁殖规律, 文章采用耳石日轮技术对2012—2014年采自大渡河中游的齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼样本进行了出膜期推算, 并在此基础上结合胚胎发育积温和水文因子等分析了亲鱼产卵时间及其影响因素。结果表明: 在人工养殖条件下的齐口裂腹鱼胚胎发育积温是1467.36℃·h。采集的仔稚鱼出膜时间为11月30日至次年的4月19日, 并由此推算出其亲本产卵时间为11月8日至次年的4月11日, 繁殖高峰期为1月上旬至3月中旬。相关性分析发现, 亲鱼的繁殖活动与流量、水温、气温、降水量、含沙量和水位呈显著负相关(P<0.05), 亲鱼产卵时间和仔鱼出膜时间主要集中于流量小、水温低、水位小、降水少和含沙量小的11月至次年4月的枯水期时段。频繁或集中的流量波动, 能更好地刺激齐口裂腹鱼进行产卵活动。研究结果为齐口裂腹鱼野生种群繁殖规律研究及其资源保护措施制定等提供基础数据。
Abstract:In order to understand the natural spawning pattern of Schizothorax prenanti, we calculated the hatching period of S. prenanti larvae and juveniles collected from the middle reaches of the Dadu River from 2012 to 2014. The spawning period of the parent fish was determined by integrating the accumulated temperature required for fertilized egg development. Additionally, we conducted an analysis of the correlation between hydrological factors and their spawning activity. The results showed that the incubation accumulated temperature for fertilized eggs of S. prenanti under artificial breeding conditions was 1467.36℃·h. The hatching time for collected juvenile fish spanned from November 30th to April 19th of the following year, and the estimated spawning time was from November 8th to April 11th of the following year. The peak spawning period occurred from early January to mid-March. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between the reproductive activities of parent fish and various factors, including flow, water temperature, air temperature, precipitation, sediment concentration and water level (P<0.05). The spawning time of parent fish and the hatching time of larvae predominantly coincided with the dry season from November to April characterized by low flow, water temperature, water level, precipitation, and sediment concentration. Notably, frequent or more concentrated flow fluctuations appeared to better stimulate the spawning activities of S. prenanti. These results provide basic data for comprehending the reproductive patterns of the wild S. prenanti population and contribute to the formulation of resource protection measures.
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图 1 齐口裂腹鱼在不同温度下的孵化时间和有效积温
Figure 1. Hatching time and effective accumulated temperature of Schizothorax prenanti at different temperatures (a represents different tests)
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图 2 齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼的微耳石日轮(圆点表示日轮)
Figure 2. Daily increment of lapillus in Schizothorax prenanti larvae and juveniles (dots indicate the daily increment)
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图 3 不同年份齐口裂腹鱼仔鱼的出膜比率与流量关系
A、B和C图中阴影分别表示2012—2014仔鱼出膜时间区段; D、E和F图中阴影分别表示2012—2014年仔鱼孵化出膜期重合时间段
Figure 3. Relationship between hatching ratio and discharge of the larvae and juveniles of Schizothorax prenanti in different years
The shadows in A, B, and C represent the hatching period of juvenile fish from 2012 to 2014; the shadows in D, E, and F represent the overlapping period of hatching period of juvenile fish from 2012 to 2014
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图 4 不同年份齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼累积出膜比率与流量关系
Figure 4. Relationship between cumulative hatching ratio and discharge of larvae and juvenile in different years
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图 5 齐口裂腹鱼产卵期分布及日流量上升过程识别
横坐标时间区段表示前1年10月1日至当前年份5月10日, 黑色圈表示识别的流量上升过程
Figure 5. Identification of the rising process of daily flow during spawning and hatching of Schizothorax prenanti
The abscissa time range represents the period from October 1 of the previous year to May 10 of the current year, the black circle represents the identified flow rising process
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图 6 水文因子与产卵日期分布
A. 多年月平均气温与水温(1952—2009年); B. 2011—2014年水位; C. 多年月平均含沙量(1952—2009年); D. 多年月平均降水量(1952—2009年); 蓝色阴影表示齐口裂腹鱼产卵时间区段
Figure 6. Hydrological factors and the distribution of spawning date
A. Average monthly temperature and water temperature (1952—2009); B. Water level from 2011 to 2014; D. Precipitation and sediment concentration (1952—2009); The blue shadow represents the spawning period of the Schizothorax prenanti
表 1 野生齐口裂腹鱼仔稚鱼信息
Table 1 Information of wild Schizothorax prenanti larvae and juvenile
采样时间
Sampling time全长
Total length (mm)平均全长
Average total length (mm)体重
Body weight (g)平均体重
Average body weight (g)样本量
Number of sample2012.5.20—21 16.74—47.82 26.32±4.04 0.0111—0.8380 0.1038±0.0728 419 2013.5.28—30 21.60—46.80 34.58±4.64 0.0533—1.0199 0.3928±0.1730 498 2013.6.4—6 24.12—55.50 36.60±5.87 0.0674—1.9920 0.4463±0.2391 504 2014.4.23 22.04—63.34 43.74±6.64 0.0659—3.3716 0.9649±0.5365 540 2014.5.13—19 27.86—59.88 46.38±6.51 0.0867—1.3215 0.5533±0.2619 531 2014.6.14—17 33.00—56.88 45.44±4.96 0.2731—2.0163 0.9700±0.3104 185 共计Total 16.74—63.34 38.61±8.94 0.0111—3.3716 0.5449±0.4244 2677 
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表 2 不同年份齐口裂腹鱼产卵日期流量上升过程特征指标
Table 2 Characteristic indicators of flow rise during hatching of larvae and juveniles in different years
特征指标
Characteristic indexN T (d) ${ Q}^- $ (m3/s) ${\Delta Q}_r^- $ (m3/s) ${ \eta}^- $ 2012年 19 5.63 576.56 194.00 1.01 2013年 14 5.57 878.97 222.20 1.30 2014年 17 4.35 711.82 221.65 1.24 平均值Average 16.67 5.18 722.45 212.62 1.18 注: N. 产卵季节上升过程总数; T. 产卵季节每个流量上升过程的平均持续时间; ${ Q}^- $. 产卵季节流量上升过程中的日平均流量; ${\Delta Q}_r^- $. 产卵季节平均流量增量, 反映流量增量的绝对强度; ${ \eta}^- $. 产卵季节平均流量上升率Note: N. the total number of rising processes in the spawning season; T. the average duration in days of each flow rising process in the spawning season; ${ Q}^- $. daily average flow in the flow rising processes in the spawningseason as defined below; ${\Delta Q}_r^- $. average flow increment in a spawning season, which reflects the absolute intensity of the flow increment; ${ \eta}^- $. average flow rising ratio in a spawning season
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