人参茎叶提取物对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响
EFFECTS OF GINSENG STEM AND LEAF EXTRACTS ON THE GROWTH, IMMUNITY AND THE RESISTANCE TO DISEASES IN SEA CUCUMBERS(APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICAS)
-
摘要: 以初始体重为(4.910.17) g的刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)为研究对象,研究投喂不同剂量人参茎叶提取物对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响,探讨人参茎叶提取物在刺参养殖中的应用。在每千克基础饲料中分别添加10、20、40和80 g人参茎叶提取物作为实验组,并以基础饲料为对照进行为期30d的饲喂养殖。结果显示,投喂人参茎叶提取物对刺参的生长并无显著影响,刺参特定生长率不随人参茎叶提取物添加量的增加而提高。当人参茎叶提取物添加量为80 g/kg时,刺参体腔细胞总数、呼吸暴发强度、细胞吞噬活性、超氧化物歧化酶活力、总一氧化氮合酶活力均显著高于对照组(P0.05);当人参茎叶提取物添加量为40 g/kg时,细胞吞噬活性也显著高于对照组(P0.05),但其余免疫指标与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05);当人参茎叶提取物的添加量不大于20 g/kg时,各项免疫指标与对照组之间均无显著差异(P0.05)。攻毒实验表明, 20、40和80 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组的健康率要高于对照组,其中80 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组健康率为80.56%要显著高于对照组和10 g/kg人参茎叶提取物组(P0.05)。人参茎叶提取物可作为免疫增强剂应用于刺参的养殖中来提高刺参的免疫和抗病能力。Abstract: To investigate the actual effects of ginseng stem and leaf extracts in the farming of sea cucumbers(Apostichopus japonicas), we conducted experiments to study the growth, immunity and the resistance to diseases in sea cucumbers treated with ginseng extracts. The sea cucumbers had an initial body weight of(4.910.17) g, and were fed with ginseng stem-leaf extracts at the levels of 10, 20, 40 and 80 g per kg for 30 days. Basal diet without ginseng abstract served as the control treatment. The specific growth rates(SGR) of sea cucumbers showed no changes in re-sponse to the increase in ginseng stem-leaf extracts. Compared to the control, sea cucumbers fed with 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts showed significantly higher levels in total coelomocytes count(TCC), respiratory burst(RB) activity, phagocytosis, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and total nitric oxide synthase(T-NOS)(P0.05). Enhancement in phago-cytosis was also observed in sea cucumbers fed with 40 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts(P0.05). However, there were no significant differences in other immune parameters between the 10 g/kg group, the 20 g/kg group, and the control group(P0.05). Results of the challenge trial suggested that sea cucumbers fed with 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg and 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts were healthier than the control. The health rate of sea cucumbers fed with 80 g/kg ginseng stem-leaf extracts was 80.56%, which was significantly higher than the control and the 10 g/kg group(P0.05). There-fore, we concluded that the treatment with ginseng stem-leaf extracts might improve the immunity and the resistance to diseases in sea cucumbers and thus could be used as an immunity enhancer in the farming of the sea cucumbers.
-
Keywords:
- Sea cucumber /
- Ginseng stem-leaf extracts /
- Growth /
- Immunity /
- Disease resistance
-
-
[1] McElroy S. Beche-de-mer species of commercial value-an update[J]. SPC Bche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 1990, 2:2-7
[2] Wang Y H, Wang C, Guo L P, et al. Analysis of the nutritional components in four kinds of holothuroidea[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2010, 40(7):111-114[王远红,王聪,郭丽萍,等.海参科(Holo-thuriidae)中4种海参的营养成分分析.中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版, 2010, 40(7):111-114]
[3] Fan H Z. Ginseng of the seaResearch and development on medical efficacy of sea cucumber and its ingredient[J]. Chinese Journal of Marine Drugs, 2001, 20(4):37-44[樊绘曾.海参:海中人参关于海参及其成分保健医疗功能的研究与开发.中国海洋药物, 2001, 20(4):37-44]
[4] Kaneko M, Kisa F, Yamada K, et al. Structure of neuritogenic active ganglioside from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus[J]. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1999,(11):3171-3174
[5] Tian F, Zhang X, Tong Y, et al. Research Paper PE, A new sulfated saponin from sea cucumber, exhibits anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo[J]. Cancer Biology Therapy, 2005, 4(8):874-882
[6] Miyamoto T, Togawa K, Higuchi R, et al. Six newly identified biologically active triterpenoid glycoside sulfates from the sea cucumber cucumaria echinata[J]. Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, 1990,(5):453-460
[7] Shimada S. Antifungal steroid glycoside from sea cucumber[J]. Science, 1969, 163(3874):1462
[8] Aminin D L, Koy C, Dmitrenok P S, et al. Immuno-modulatory effects of holothurian triterpene glycosides on mammalian splenocytes determined by mass spectrometric proteome analysis[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 2009, 72(5):886-906
[9] Brekhman, HW Y. A review of pharmacological and clinical research of biologically active substances of marine origin in the soviet far east(1949~1969)[J]. Food-Drug from the Sea(Youngken HW ed).Marine Technology Society, 1970, 359
[10] Li Z, Wang H, Li J, et al. Basic and clinical study on the antithrombotic mechanism of glycosaminoglycan extracted from sea cucumber[J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2000, 113(8):706-711
[11] Li L F, Xiang D Z, Gao B. Research of Stichopus japonicus acid mucopolysaccharide(SJAMP) in treatment of chronic viral hepatitis B[A]. Fourth Symposium on Chinese Oceanology and Limnology Drugs[C]. Qingdao, 1994, 174[李丽芬,相大峥,高斌.刺参酸性黏多糖治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的研究.第四次中国海洋湖沼药物学术研讨会论文集.青岛. 1994, 174].
[12] Wang Y G, Fang B, Zhang C Y, et al. Etiology of skin ulcer syndrome in cultured juveniles of Apostichopus japonicus and analysis of reservoir of the pathogens[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2006, 13(4):610-616[王印庚,方波,张春云,等.养殖刺参保苗期重大疾病腐皮综合征病原及其感染源分析.中国水产科学, 2006, 13(4):610-616]
[13] Wang Y G, Leng M, Chen X, et al. In vitro bacteriostatic effect of Chinese herbs against causative pathogens of skin ulcer syndrome in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2009, 30(2):1-7[王印庚,冷敏,陈霞,等.中草药对刺参腐皮综合征病原菌的体外抑菌试验.渔业科学进展, 2009, 30(2):1-7]
[14] Hou W J, Yang F Y, Wang W X. In vitro Bacteriostatic effect of Chinese herbs against causative pathogens of skin ulcer syndrome in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonica[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2013, 29(5):76-80[侯文久,杨凤影,王维新.中草药对刺参腐皮综合症病原菌的抑菌试验.中国农学通报, 2013, 29(5):76-80]
[15] Coon J T, Ernst E. Panax ginseng[J]. Drug Safety, 2002, 25(5):323-344
[16] Scaglione F, Ferrara F, Dugnani S, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer[J]. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research, 1989, 16(10):537-542
[17] Shin H R, Kim J Y, Yun T K, et al. The cancer-preventive potential of panax ginseng:a review of human and experimental evidence[J]. Cancer Causes Control, 2000, 11(6):565-576
[18] Huang X S. Determination of ginsenoside in ginseng stemleaf extracts and ginseng root by HPLC[J]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 2001, 26(3):173-175[黄新生.高效液相色谱法测定人参茎叶浸膏及人参根中的人参皂苷含量.中国中药杂志, 2001, 26(3):173-175]
[19] Shen S C, Sun X J, Tang X H, et al. Chemical constituents of stems and leaves of panax ginseng C.A. Meyer[J]. Journal of Qiqihar University(Natural Science Edition), 2008(03):43-46[申书昌,孙秀佳,唐晓慧,等.人参茎叶的化学成分研究.齐齐哈尔大学学报, 2008(03):43-46]
[20] Li K K, Yang X W. Advances of studies on chemical constituents in stems and leaves of ginseng[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine, 2012, 14(1):47-50[李珂珂,杨秀伟.人参茎叶化学成分的研究进展.中国现代中药, 2012, 14(1):47-50]
[21] Yu J, Bai Z C, Fu C M. Research on the technology of extraction and purification of total saponin from the stem and leaf of panax ginseng[J]. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 2004, 26(4):479-482[于杰,白志川,付超美.人参茎叶总皂甙提取精制工艺研究.西南农业大学学报, 2004, 26(4):479-482]
[22] Zhang X, Guo L P, Liu Y J, et al. Study on the extraction process of saponins in stems and Leaves of panax ginseng by different methods[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, 2013, 22(3):21-24[张旭,郭丽萍,刘亚杰,等.不同方法提取人参茎叶皂苷工艺研究.吉林农业科技学院学报, 2013, 22(3):21-24]
[23] Xing J, Leung M, Chia F. Quantitative analysis of phagocytosis by amebocytes of a sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota[J]. Invertebrate Biology, 1998:67-74
[24] Cao Q, Lin Z. Antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides peptide[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2004, 25:833-838
[25] Zhang Q, Ma H, Mai K, et al. Interaction of dietary bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance, non-specific immunity of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Fish Shellfish Immunology, 2010, 29(2):204-211
[26] Song Y, Hsieh Y. Immunostimulation of tiger shrimp(penaeus monodon) hemocytes for generation of microbicidal substances:analysis of reactive oxygen species[J]. Developmental Comparative Immunology, 1994, 18(3):201-209
[27] Chen X R, Zhang W B, Mai K S, et al. Effects of dietary glycyrrhizin on growth, immunity of sea cucumber and its resistance against Vibrio splendidus[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2010, 34(4):731-738[陈效儒,张文兵,麦康森,等.饲料中添加甘草酸对刺参生长、免疫及抗病力的影响.水生生物学报, 2010, 34(4):731-738]
[28] Lin S, Mao S, Guan Y, et al. Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides and bacillus coagulans on the growth, innate immunity and resistance of koi(Cyprinus carpio koi)[J]. Aquaculture, 2012, 342-343:36-41
[29] Ashida M, Sderhll K. The prophenoloxidase activating system in crayfish[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Comparative Biochemistry, 1984, 77(1):21-26
[30] Wang S, Chen J. The protective effect of chitin and chitosan against vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Fish Shellfish Immunology, 2005, 19(3):191-204
[31] Cheng L J, Meng Z. Molybdate colorimetric method for determination of catalase in serum[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science, 1994, 12(1):6-8[程鲁京,孟泽.钼酸铵显色法测定血清过氧化氢酶.临床检验杂志, 1994, 12(1):6-8]
[32] Goth L. A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range[J]. Clinica Chimica Acta, 1991, 196(2):143-151
[33] Green L C, Wagner D A, Glogowski J, et al. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and[15N] nitrate in biological fluids[J]. Analytical Biochemistry, 1982, 126(1):131-138
[34] Marzinzig M, Nussler A K, Stadler J, et al. Improved methods to measure end products of nitric oxide in biological fluids:nitrite, nitrate, and S-nitrosothiols[J]. Nitric Oxide, 1997, 1(2):177-189
[35] Liu Z, Ma Y, Yang Z, et al. Immune responses and disease resistance of the juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus induced by metschnikowia sp. C14[J]. Aquaculture, 2012, 368-369:10-18
[36] Sun Y X. Improving effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS) on non-specific immune responses and productive performance of sea cucumber(Apostichopus joponicus)[D]. Dalian University of Technology, 2008[孙永欣.黄芪多糖促进刺参免疫力和生长性能的研究.博士学位论文,大连理工大学, 2008]
[37] Ma Y X, Xu G R, Zhang E P, et al. The etiology of acute preistome edema disease in cultured juveniles of Apostichopus japonicus[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2006, 30(3):377-382[马悦欣,徐高蓉,张恩鹏,等.仿刺参幼参急性口围肿胀症的细菌性病原.水产学报, 2006, 30(3):377-382]
[38] Wang B X, Cui J C, Liu A J. The action of ginsenosides extracted from the stems and leaves of panax ginseng in promoting animal growth[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 1982,(12):899-904[王本祥,崔景朝,刘爱晶.人参茎叶皂甙促进动物生长的作用.药学学报, 1982,(12):899-904]
[39] Yang H M, Xun C Y, Wang J Y, et al. Effects of ginseng stems and leaves saponins(GSLS) on weight performance and blood parameters of Chicken[J]. Feed Research, 1994,(6):19-20[杨焕民,徐长友,王建勇,等.人参茎叶皂甙对雏鸡增重及血液的作用.饲料研究, 1994,(6):19-20]
[40] Ratcliffe N A, Rowley A F. Invertebrate blood cells[Z]. New York:Academic press New York. 1980, 513-526
[41] Wang S X, Ye H B, Yu X Q, et al. Analysis of sea cucumber immune mechanism[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2012,(25):12553-12555[王淑娴,叶海斌,于晓清,等.海参的免疫机制研究.安徽农业科学, 2012,(25):12553-12555]
[42] Zhao X X, Wang J H, Ye S H, et al. Effects of the polysacchadde from ginseng leaves and stems on immunological function of mouse[J]. China Brewing, 2009,(3):56-58[赵萧萧,王际辉,叶淑红,等.人参茎叶多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响.中国酿造, 2009,(3):56-58]
[43] Guo S, Chen M Q, Zhao J X, et al. Effects of panax ginseng saponin(PGS) on LPO and SOD in ADM-injuried mice[J]. Journal of Norman Bethune University of Medical Science, 1996,(3):239-240[郭颂,陈满秋,赵节绪,等.人参茎叶皂甙对阿霉素中毒小鼠过氧化脂质和超氧化物歧化酶的影响.白求恩医科大学学报, 1996,(3):239-240]
计量
- 文章访问数: 1273
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 536
下载: