东湖通道工程对沿线底泥细菌群落结构和多样性的影响
THE POSSIBLE EFFECT OF TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION ON THE SEDIMENT BACTERIAL COMMUNITY AND DIVERSITY IN LAKE EAST
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摘要: 为调查东湖通道工程对沿线底泥细菌群落结构和多样性可能造成的影响, 随着隧道施工的进程, 在东湖通道沿线的3个湖区中的19个采样点进行了3次采样, 通过PCR-DGGE结合分子克隆技术, 分析了细菌群落的群落结构及多样性。3批样品共检出细菌类群分别为5门18属、6门17属、5门11属。在门水平上, 底泥中的优势菌是变形菌门, 但其在总量中的比例随施工进程逐渐下降, 依次为86%、80.6%和43.9%。在属水平上, 施工初期的优势菌是埃希氏杆菌属, 施工后期却是Steroidobacter。通道施工初期, 汤菱湖、郭郑湖的湖心区域在属水平上的群落结构相似性较高, 与团湖差异显著; 接近施工区样点与远离施工区样点的底泥细菌群落存在显著差异; 因施工形成的临时封闭水域与敞水区除均有埃希氏杆菌属外, 其他菌属类群差异显著。施工后期的汤菱湖、郭郑湖及团湖的湖心区的底泥微生物群落结构趋于相似; 接近施工区样点与远离施工区样点的底泥细菌群落差异不显著; 封闭区和敞水区有相似的细菌群落结构。施工期间, 细菌群落的多样性指数的最高点都有出现在靠近施工区的位置。各批次样点的Simpson_1-D指数、Shannon_H指数、Margalef指数, 均随着施工进程而逐渐增加。因此, 东湖通道修建对通道沿线近距离的底泥细菌的群落结构和多样性产生了较显著的影响, 这种影响是暂时性还是持续性的, 尚需通道完工回填后的长期评估。研究将为进一步探讨通道修建等人为强干扰活动对浅水湖泊的可能环境影响和制定合理的生态修复策略提供理论基础和数据支撑。Abstract: To evaluate effects of tunnel construction on the sediment bacterial community and diversity in Lake East, 19 sampling points were selected and analyzed for 3 consecutive time points during the construction process. The PCRDGGE and molecular cloning were applied to analyze the bacterial species composition, community and diversity of all sampling sediment. A total of 18 bacterial genera belonging to 5 phyla, 17 bacterial genera belonging to 6 phyla and 11 bacterial genera belonging to 5 phyla were identified from 3 different batches of sediment samples, respectively. At the level of phylum, Proteobacteria was predominant bacteria among all three batches, but its percentage among the total diversity was decreased with the tunnel construction, presenting 86%, 80.6% and 43.9%, respectively. At the level of genera, Escherichia/Shigella was predominant bacteria at the first sampling while Steroidobacter at the third sampling. Attheearly stage of tunnel construction, bacterial community structure of the middle area of Lake Tangling and Lake Guozheng were similar at the level of genus, which was significantly different from those of Lake Tuan. The effect of tunnel construction on the sediment bacterial community was distance dependent. The bacterial community of the temporarily producing closed area for tunnel construction was remarkably different from that of open water area, although both contain Escherichia/Shigella. However, the community diversity and composition of the middle area of Lake Tangling, Lake Guozheng and Lake Tuan became similar at the late stage of tunnel construction. The distance dependent effect of tunnel construction on the bacterial community was not significant at the late stage of tunnel construction. Additionally, temporarily forming closed area was similar to open water area regarding their sediment bacterial community composition. During the construction, the highest diversity index of bacterial community for all three batches of samples appeared in the sampling point adjacent the tunnel. The Simpson_1-D index, Shannon_H index and Margalef index gradually increased with the tunnel construction. Therefore, our results indicated that the tunnel construction had a remarkable influence on the bacterial community and diversity of Lake East sediment, although the long-term effect should be further evaluated.
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