FISH SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING IN THE JINSHA RIVER BASIN
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摘要: 在全面整理和收集金沙江流域214种和亚种鱼类的分布及生物学特征的基础上, 采用系统保护规划的方法, 对流域内的鱼类保护进行了研究。首先, 我们确定了物种分布的范围。对分布较广的种类, 通过物种分布模型, 结合气候、河流景观、土地利用、土壤等环境因子, 预测物种在全流域内分布区; 对其余鱼类则直接使用采样点作为分布区。其次, 采用系统保护规划软件, 规划了流域内保护区网络。在规划过程中, 我们根据鱼类运动能力、分布广度和保护级别, 设定了不同的保护目标, 并对现有保护区的保护情况进行评估。结果表明, 模型的最优解选择了486个单元共47950 km2, 占所有规划单元数量的7.7%。而被现有湿地相关保护区保护的规划单元仅包含了127种鱼类, 占流域鱼类总数的59.3%, 且其中109种仍需增加保护面积, 说明现有保护区不足以保护流域内的鱼类; 在现有基础上, 保护区保护的规划单元面积至少需增加55.9%才能达成所设定的保护目标。Abstract: We compiled the distribution and traits of 214 fish species and subspecies in the Jinsha River basin to investigate systematic and effective conservation planning in the basin. First, we modelled the distribution of widespread species throughout the basin with environmental factors such as climate, riverscape, land-use, and soil type; we used the occurrences as the distribution for other species. We planned the protected area (PA) network with the Marxan software to determine the species-specific conservation targets (grouped by mobility, distribution range, and conservation status) and evaluate the protection status of the current wetlands PAs. The best solution selected 486 planning units (47950 km2) that was 7.7% of the total planning units. The current wetlands PAs was not enough for fish conservation, which shelters 59.3% of all fishes (127 species) and 109 species require additional conservation area. The planning units’ area protected by the wetlands PA need to expand 55.9% to reach our conservation target.
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Keywords:
- Jinsha River /
- Systematic conservation planning /
- Species distribution modelling /
- Maxent /
- Marxan /
- Fish diversity
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图 1 金沙江流域四种鱼类分布预测结果
Figure 1. Predicted distribution of four fishes in the Jinsha River basin
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图 2 金沙江流域鱼类系统保护规划结果
a. 未锁定现有保护区的最优解; b. 未锁定现有保护区的规划单元选择频率; c. 锁定现有保护区的最优解; d. 锁定现有保护区的规划单元选择频率
Figure 2. Systematic conservation planning results for fishes of the Jinsha River basin
a. Best solution without locking-in the present conservation area; b. Planning units selection frequency without locking-in the present conservation area; c. Best solution with locking-in the present conservation area; d. Planning units selection frequency with locking-in the present conservation area
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图 3 锁定保护区后的最优解与现有湿地相关保护区
Figure 3. Existing wetlands conservation area and one best solution after lock in these area
表 1 模型使用的环境变量及选择原因
Table 1 Environmental variables used in Maxent and rationales for selection
变量类型
Group变量名称
Variable name变量选择原因
Rationale气候
Climate平均日温差、等温性、最干旱月降雨、最热季降雨和降雨季度变化 气候影响整个生态系统过程 河流景观
Riverscape河流形态、坡度及其方差 与水文、栖息地数量等因素直接相关 土地覆盖
Land cover水域、稀疏植被、常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶林、农田、针叶林、灌木、荒地、城市和洪泛区的面积 陆地生态系统类型与水生生态系统营养输入相关 土壤类型
Soil type土壤类型多样性 与植被类型、底质相关 
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表 2 保护级别对应及保护目标
Table 2 Conservation status and corresponding conservation targets
保护类别
Conservation status
in ChinaIUCN级别
IUCN status特有性
Endemicity保护目标
Conservation
targets (%)国家级 50 红皮书 CR 30 省级 EN 金沙江特有 20 VU 10 长江特有 5 其他鱼类 1
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表 3 针对鱼类特性的保护目标调整参数
Table 3 Species-specific coefficients for adjusting conservation targets
大型或洄游鱼类
Large-size or
migratory fish中型鱼类
Medium-size fish小型鱼类
Small-size fish广布种
Widespread species1 w w2 非广布种
Other species1/w2 1/w 1 注: w为依据鱼类特性对保护目标进行调整的基数, 本研究中w=0.8Note: w is the base for species-specific adjustment of conservation targets, w = 0.8 in this study
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