A NEW SPECIES OF DACTYLOGYRUS, D. DIPTYCHUS N. SP. (MONOGENEA: DACTYLOGYRIDAE), FROM SCHIZOTHORACINE FISHES (CYPRINIDAE: SCHIZOTHORACINAE) IN THE XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION, CHINA
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摘要: 文章记述了采自新疆伊犁河流域巩乃斯段的新疆裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus dybowskii Kessler, 1874)和斑重唇鱼(Diptychus maculates Steindachner, 1866)鳃部寄生的指环虫属(Dactylogyrus)一新种。通过传统方法及分子生物学方法研究确定了两种宿主寄生的虫体为同一种。该虫体与同宿主寄生的Dactylogyrus driagini(Bychowsky, 1936)和寄生于伊犁裂腹鱼的Dactylogyrus longicopula(Bychowsky, 1936)略为相似, 但在交接器和后吸器形态上有较大差异: 其交接器的支持器部分, 分为上下两部分, 在连接处形成“Y”状结构, D. driagini支持器为完整一体的结构, 而D. longicopula支持器的连接处为卷曲状结构; 后吸器形态: 拟定种与D. driagini, D. longicopula后吸器均由一对中央大钩、7对边缘小钩和两联结片组成, 其中央大钩内、外突不明显, 边缘小钩明显区分钩尖、钩柄和柄轴, 钩尖和钩柄交接处无刺状突起, D. driagini中央大钩内、外突分叶很明显, 边缘小钩各部位区分不明显, 而D. longicopula的中央大钩内、外突分叶非常明显, 内突远远大于外突, 边缘小钩的钩尖和钩柄交接处有刺状突起; 腹联结片粗短, 中部呈峰状隆起, D. longicopula腹联结片两端细长, 中间呈三角状隆起。基于该指环虫18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA的序列比对分析, 与寄生于属鱼的隐藏指环虫(Dactylogyrus cryptomeres Bychowsky, 1934)的相似性最高, 为92.0%。系统发育树也显示与D. cryptomeres聚为一支, 置信度为100/99(BI/ML), 但综合形态学特征, 宿主生境和宿主特异性等因素, 本种虫体与隐藏指环虫非同一物种。基于形态结构和分子系统发育结果表明, 该指环虫为一新种, 依据宿主特点命名为: 重唇鱼指环虫(Dactylogyrus diptychus n. sp.)。Abstract: This paper describes a new species of the genus Dactylogyrus parasitizing the gills of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii (Kessler, 1874) and Diptychus maculates (Steindachner, 1866) collected from the Gongnesi section of the Yili River Valley, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. By using traditional and molecular biological methods, the newly discovered species was confirmed as a parasite of these two hosts and was found to be somewhat similar to the parasitic species Dactylogyrus driagini (Bychowsky, 1936) and Dactylogyrus longicopula (Bychowsky, 1936). Significant differences in the morphology of the copulatory complex and the opisthaptor were observed. The supporting portion of the crossover is divided into upper and lower parts. A “Y” structure of the D. driagini support is formed at the junction, while the connection of the D. longicopula support exhibited a curly structure. Regarding the shape of the opisthaptor, those of the proposed species and D. driagini and D. longicopula are composed of a pair of central hooks, seven pairs of marginal hooks and two connected bars. The inner and outer root processes of the central hooks are not obvious, and the marginal hooks are obviously distinguishable by the hook tip, the hook handle and the handle axis. There is no spiny process at the junction of the hook tip and the hook stalk, and the lobulation of the inner and outer root processes of the D. driagini central hook is very obvious; however, the differentiation of the marginal small hook is not obvious, while the lobulation of the inner and external processes of the central hook of D. longicopula is very obvious, and the inner process is much larger than the external process. There is a spiny process at the junction of the tip of the small hook and the handle of the hook. The abdominally connected bars are thick and short, the middle portion shows peak uplift, the two ends of the D. longicopula abdominally connected bars are slender, and the middle portion shows triangular uplift. Based on the sequence alignment analysis of Dactylogyrus 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA, the similarity to the cryptic species Dactylogyrus cryptomeres (Bychowsky, 1934) is highest, at 92.0% similarity. The phylogenetic tree also showed that the species clusters with D. cryptomeres with a confidence of 100 (BI/ML), but taking its morphological characteristics, host habitat and host specificity, this species is not the cryptic species D. cryptomeres. Based on the results of morphological structural analysis and molecular phylogeny, the identified Dactylogyrus parasite can be considered a new species, which is designated Dactylogyrus diptychus n. sp. according to the host characteristics.
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Keywords:
- Gymnodiptychus dybowskii /
- Diptychus maculates /
- Schizothoracids /
- Dactylogyrus /
- New species
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图 1 重唇鱼指环虫的形态特征
A. 整体腹面观Ventral view of the holotype; B. 后吸器Opisthaptor; C. 交接器Copulatory organ
Figure 1. Morphological characteristics of Dactylogyrus diptychus n. sp.
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图 2 基于18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA基因序列构建的贝叶斯法(BI)系统发育树
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree constructed via the Bayesian inference (BI) method based on 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene sequences
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图 3 基于18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA基因序列构建的最大似然法(ML)系统发育树
Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed via the maximum likelihood (ML) method based on 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA gene sequences
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图 4 D. diptychus (A)、D. driagini (B)、D. longicopula (C)和D. simplex (D)几丁质结构对比
a. 中央大钩; b. 边缘小钩; c. 背联结片; d. 腹联结片; e. 交接器
Figure 4. Comparison of the chitinous structures of D. diptychus (A), D. driagini (B), D. longicopula (C) and D. simplex (D)
a. Anchor; b. Marginal hook; c. Dorsal bar; d. Ventral bar; e. Copulatory organ
表 1 PCR引物及反应条件
Table 1 PCR primers and reaction conditions
引物名称Primer 引物序列Sequence (5′－3′) 反应条件Reaction conditions S1 ATTCCGATAACGAACGAGACT 95℃ 预变性4min; 95℃ 变性1min, 55℃ 退火1min, 72℃ 延伸1min30s, 35个循环; 72℃ 再延伸10min, 4℃ H7 GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATACTCG 
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表 2 用于建树的指环虫种类及ITS1序列的GenBank登录号
Table 2 The Dactylogyrus species used for building trees and the GenBank accession number of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S rDNA sequence
寄生虫Parasite 宿主Host species GenBank登录号Accession number 采集地Locality Dactylogyrus prespensis Barbus prespensis KY201096 希腊Greece Dactylogyrus malleus Barbus barbus KY201099 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus petenyi Barbus balcanicus KY201097 希腊Greece Dactylogyrus vranoviensis Squalius vardarensis MG792937 希腊Greece Dactylogyrus crivellius Barbus prespensis KY201094 阿尔巴尼亚Albania Dactylogyrus carpathicus Barbus barbus KY201098 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus benhoussai Luciobarbus moulouyensis KX578025 摩洛哥Morocco Dactylogyrus varius Luciobarbus maghrebensis KX578026 摩洛哥Morocco Dactylogyrus falsiphallus Luciobarbus maghrebensis KX578024 摩洛哥Morocco Dactylogyrus dyki Barbus prespensis KY859804 希腊Greece Dactylogyrus balkanicus Barbus prespensis KY201093 阿尔巴尼亚Albania Dactylogyrus wunderi Abramis brama AJ564164 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus wunderi Abramis brama KJ605444 中国China Dactylogyrus zandti Abramis brama AJ564165 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus difformoides Scardinius plotizza MG792909 波黑Bosnia and Herzegovina Dactylogyrus izjumovae Scardinius plotizza MG792910 波黑Bosnia and Herzegovina Dactylogyrus prostae Squalius sp. MG792927 希腊Greece Dactylogyrus similis Rutilus rutilus AJ564153 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus sphyrna Rutilus rutilus AJ564154 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus fallax Rutilus rutilus MG792906 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus tuba Aspius aspius AJ564158 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus cryptomeres Gobio gobio AJ564123 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus anchoratus Carassius auratus AJ564111 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus formosus Carassius auratus KM525669 中国China Dactylogyrus vastator Cyprinus carpio AJ564159 捷克共和国Czech Republic Dactylogyrus extensus Cyprinus carpio KM277459 中国China Dactylogyrus diptychus n.
sp.*Gymnodiptychus dybowskii, Diptychus maculates MT112198/
MT112255中国China Ancyrocephalus percae Perca fluviatilis AJ490166.1 芬兰Finland
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