BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY OF EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES AND COLONIAL FORMATION OF CYANOBACTERIA UNDERLYING WATER BLOOMS OF MICROCYSTIS
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摘要: 有毒微囊藻水华在太湖、巢湖和滇池等饮用水源地频繁暴发, 对居民健康和水产养殖等构成严重威胁, 亟需开发新技术加以有效控制和利用。在水华暴发时, 蓝藻大量分泌胞外多聚物而形成细胞群体, 是蓝藻水华发生的关键和前提。蓝藻群体中胶质状胞外多聚物由胞外多糖、蛋白质和其他生物大分子组成, 对其结构、功能和生物合成途径研究了解仍然有限。生物信息学和比较基因组学分析发现微囊藻和其他多种蓝藻中编码大量的具有称之为PEP-CTERM结构域的潜在胞外蛋白质, 这些潜在的蛋白质可能通过特殊的分选系统分泌到细胞表面, 与胞外多糖相互作用形成结构更复杂的胞外多聚物, 介导细胞群体的形成和水华发生。亟需建立微囊藻遗传操作技术, 深入揭示胞外多聚物生物合成和群体形成的分子机制, 寻找控制蓝藻胞外多聚物的组装和分泌及群体形成的关键靶点, 将有助于揭示蓝藻水华形成机理及开发新型控藻技术。Abstract: The harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Microcystis have frequently occurred in the drinking water sources such as Lake Taihu, Chaohu, and Dianchi, posing a severe risk to public health and aquaculture. A series of physical, chemical, and biological measures have been performed for controlling Microcystis blooms in recent years. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are required for cyanobacterial colonial formation, survival and bloom-forming. Little is known about the biosynthesis pathways of EPS and colonial formation. Previously it has been revealed that multiple putative PEP-CTERM domain-containing proteins are encoded in the genome of Microsytis species and many other cyanobacteria. More recently, we have demonstrated that the PEP-CTERM proteins are required for the floc-formation of Zoogloea resiniphila, a proteobacterium isolated from activated sludge. More interestingly, Microcystis and many other cyanobacteria also encoded a subfamily of PEP-CTERM domain, termed cyano-PEP. It is strongly suggested that such the recently found PEP-CTERM/Cyanoexosortase systems might play a central role in the colonial formation of cyanobacteria. It remains elusive whether the quorum sensing (QS) systems are encoded in cyanobacterial genome and whether the QS is involved in the formation of Microcystis blooms. It is urgent to develop the genetic manipulation in Microcystis and other bloom-forming cyanobacteria for identification of relevant genes and mechanisms underlying colonial formation and for development of Microcystis bloom-controlling techniques.
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表 1 水华蓝藻铜绿微囊藻和菌胶团形成菌喜树脂动胶菌胞外多聚生物合成与蓝藻群体/细菌菌胶团形成相关基因比较
Table 1 Comparison of between bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-842 and floc-forming proteobacterium Zoogloea resiniphila MMB strain
胞外多聚生物合成与蓝藻群体/细菌菌胶团形成相关基因Extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis and colony/floc-formation genes 喜树脂动胶菌(菌胶团形成细菌)Zoogloea resiniphila MMB 铜绿微囊藻(水华蓝藻)Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-842 胞外多糖合成与分泌相关基因 以大型基因簇形式集中分布于染色体上 以多个小型基因簇形式散布于染色体上 编码含有PEP-CTERM结构域的蛋白质基因 约20个 33个 调节PEP-CTERM基因转录的PrsK-PrsR二组分系统 有 无 介导PEP-CTERM基因转录的Sigma54因子(RpoN) 有 无 群体感应 未知 未知 
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