池养大鲵的人工催产研究

ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION OF TANK-CULTURED CHINESE GIANT SALAMANDER(ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS)

  • 摘要: 本文报道了人工培育大鲵亲本的繁殖结果。在养殖条件下,大鲵的性腺可正常发育,大鲵的性成熟年龄为5龄,性周期为一年一次,群体的繁殖高峰期出现在每年的6-8月。使用LRH-A或HCG均可诱导大鲵产卵和排精。群体的性腺发育进程存在明显的个体差异,雄性比雌性的发育时间长10-20d。在繁殖盛期进行人工催产,获产率为60%左右。人工繁育的子代,在培育为亲本时,其性腺发育的个体差异仍然存在。养殖的性成熟个体,在没有受到外源激素作用时,将不会发生自然排卵现象,雄鲵不能挤出精液。在20-23℃下,雌性大鲵的效应时间约为96-120h,雄性可在80h后挤到精液。大鲵的产卵量为400-500粒,平均为430粒。多次产卵个体的产卵量多于初次产卵个体。低剂量的药物催熟,未发现对性腺发育进程和产卵结果有明显的促进作用。

     

    Abstract: Chinese giant salamanderAndrias davidianus (Blanchard),Which is the largest species in amphibian, is found in 17 provinces of China. The resources of salamander are declined remarkably because of inordinate catching by men. Therefore, the artificial domestication and propagation of salamander are widely developed in the present time. In this paper, the results of propagation for artificial domesticated brood in Chinese giant salamander are reported. The salamanders for the test were caught from Hubei and Sanxi Provinces. The area of each tankfor domestication was 16m2 and the depth of water was 0.20m. In each tank, 12-40 salamanders are cultured in static water, which came from tap water. The water was changed once in 1-2 days. The temperature of water changed from 5 to 26 ℃in all year. The feed was fresh 533 fish. In the condition of artificial domestication, it takes 5 yearsfor the Chinese giant salamander to attain gonad maturity and the gonads can be normally developed. Its reproductive cycle is once a year and fastigium is 6-8 month in each year. Its ovulation and spermiation can be induced byLHRH-A or HCGinjection. Individual differences were observed in gonad development within the population. During the reproductive fastigium, only about 60 % brood salamanders can lay eggs after hormonal injection. It takes 10-20 days more for male thanfemale to attain gonad maturity. The phenomenon is often observed that the gonad of some individuals in the population attaining progenitive age cannot attain maturity. When the filial generations coming from artificial propagation attain maturity, their individual differences of gonad development are also observed. If they were not induced by exterior hormone, the mature individual under the condition of artificial domestication would not take ovulation and spermiation. Furthermore, their gonads will degenerate and absorb naturally. After induced by hormone, fe-male salamanders can lay eggs naturally in tank, but copulatory action is not observed. The reactive time for salamander spawning is related with different hormone and water temperature. The reactive time of LHRH2A was longer than that of HCG. The lower the water temperature was; the longer time needed. If the water temperature declines 1 ℃, the reactive time will delay 10 hours. Induced by the extender of LHRH2A and HCG, the reactive time of female was about 96-120h and sperm could be extruded in male after 80h. The quantity of eggs laid by each brood salamander was about 400-500, with an average of 430. The ovulated quantity of repetitious spawning brood was more than that of first spawning brood. The method of inducing ovulation was that exterior hor-mone was directly injected into the celomof salamander. The effect of once injection was better than that of more than one injec2 tion. No significant effects were found upon the gonad development and spawning rate by using low doses of hormones for induc2 ing maturation. On the contrary, low doses of hormones could lead to the abortion of some brood salamander.

     

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