兰州鲇肌肉生化成分分析及营养学评价
ANALYSISOF BI OCHEM ICAL COMPOSITION AND EVALUATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITY INMUSCLESOF SILURUS LANZHOUENSIS
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摘要: 测定了黄河中上游特有鱼类兰州鲇的肌肉生化成分并对其进行了营养学评价.结果表明,兰州鲇肌肉(鲜样)中粗蛋白质量分数(17.4±0.7)%,粗脂肪(2.22±1.09)%,粗灰分(1.12±0.09)%,水分(80.4±0.8)%.肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量为(71.29±3.71)%(质量分数,干样),其中含量最高的为谷氨酸(10.43±0.47)%,含量最低的为胱氨酸(0.663±0.040)%,8种人体必需氨基酸总量为(30.24±2.18)%,占氨基酸总量的42.38%,其构成比例符合FAO/WHO标准.兰州鲇肌肉中限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为69.3,4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为24.62%(干样).不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的65.21%,并以油酸(C18:1)和亚油酸(C18:2)为主.磷含量显著高于其余12种矿物元素(p<0.05),锌在8种微量元素中含量(10.18mg/kg,鲜样)最高,铁(8.31mg/kg,鲜样)次之,硒含量(0.31mg/kg,鲜样)丰富.从营养学角度,兰州鲇是一种营养价值较高的优质鱼类.Abstract: Measure mentsweremade on bioche mical components in muscles ofSilurus lanzhouensiswhich is an ende mic fish living in them iddle-up reach of theYellow R iver1Samples were collected fro m Hukou to Sanmenxia section of theYellow River in China during 2004) 20051M ain nutrient contents, am ino acids, fatty acids and main m ineral ele ment were ana-lyzed by using 6 groups and trace ele ment by 11 groups, wh ich from 4-individuals1Each groupwas composed of 3 ind ivid-uals1The results showed that contents of crude protein, crude fat, ash andmoisture of freshmusclewere (17.4?.7)%, (1.12?.09)%, (1.1?.09)% and (80.4+0.8)% respectively1The composition of a m ino acids ofmusclewas 18, a mong wh ich there were 8 essential amino acids for human needs1 In dry sample, the total content of a m ino acids was (71.29?.71)%; the content of essential amino acidswas (30.24?.18)%; 4 kinds of delicious a m ino acids accoun-ted for 24.62% 1Glu was themost abundant and Cyswas the shortest in all amino acids of themuscle1The percentage of essential amino acids in totalwas 42.38% 1The essential am ino acids index (EAA I) was 69.30 and the constitutional rate of essential amino acids accorded w ith FAO/WHO standard1A ccording to nutrition evaluation, in the am ino acids score (AAS) and che m ical score (CS), the lm i ited am ino acids ofS ilurus lanzhouensiswereVa,l Leu and Ile14 saturated fatty acids and 9 unsaturated fatty acidswere found in muscle and the amount of unsaturated fatty acidswas 651-10% 1C18B 1 and C18B-were themain unsaturated fatty acids, which was 411531% and 7.309% respectively1M inerals such as P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Sewere rich in these sa mples1The content ofP was sign ificantly higher than othermineral ele-ments(p<0.05)1 In all elements, Zn was the richestm icroele ment, which was 10118mg/kg (fresh), Fe and Sewere sec-ondary and tertiarymicroel ment, respectively, which was 8131 mg/kg and 0131mg/kg1Furthermore, the ratio of Zn and Cu was not rationa,sowereZn and Fe1Our study indicated thatSilurus lanzhouensiswas one of the freshwater fishes with better nutritive value and raising value
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Keywords:
- Silurus lanzhouensis /
- Muscle /
- Biochemical composition /
- Evaluation in nutriology
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