人工藻结皮对库布齐沙地土壤酶活性的影响
EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL ALGAL CRUST ON SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF HOPQ DESERT , CHINA
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摘要: 土壤酶是土壤内存在的具有生物活性的蛋白质,土壤是土壤酶的良好介质,为各种酶类提供酶促条件,且土壤成分与酶通过共价键、离子键或氢键等方式的吸附结合作用,能防止酶的钝化失活。目前已发现的土壤酶约60种,主要来自于土壤微生物,土壤酶的主要作用是参与C、N、P、S等重要营养元素的循环,在植物营养物质的转化中起着重要作用,它与土壤微生物一起共同推动土壤生物化学的全过程,土壤酶活性作为土壤质量的生物活性指标已被广泛接受。我国对土壤酶的研究始于20世纪60年代,20世纪80年代后,随着环境科学的发展,土壤酶研究越来越受重视。国内对农田生态系统的土壤酶研究较多,土壤酶在环境污染治理中的作用也进行了初步探讨,然而土壤酶在荒漠生态系统中的功能及其作用机制的探讨较少,更没有把土壤酶的研究成果用于荒漠生态系统的管理、恢复与重建工作。本实验中,采集库布齐沙地有代表性的流动沙丘和固定沙丘(三年前建立人工植被)1-5cm深度的沙土,首先测定了二者中转化酶、蛋白酶、脲酶以及碱性磷酸酶的活性,然后将荒漠藻接种到流沙表面,研究了人工微藻结皮对四种土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与内蒙古高原上广泛分布的栗钙土相比,沙地中的土壤酶活性很低;但固定沙丘中的土壤酶活性显著高于流动沙丘(p0.05)。将Microcoleus vaginatusGom。(具鞘微鞘藻)和Phormidium tenue(Menegh.)Gom.(纤细席藻)按0.5μgChl..a/cm2的接种量接种到沙表面时,30d后可形成明显的藻结皮,接种90d后,沙土中转化酶、蛋白酶、脲酶以及碱性磷酸酶的活性分别是对照的1.6-3.6倍、3.1-6.0倍、2.8-10.6倍、29-79倍。目前,荒漠化治理已成为全世界面临的重大课题,本实验研究结果揭示了不同沙地中土壤酶活性的差异,并从土壤酶的角度揭示了人工微藻结皮对土壤的改良作用。该成果对于利用微藻进行荒漠拓殖和荒漠化治理具有一定的指导意义。Abstract: Soil enzymes are bioactive proteins in soil.And soil is good medium of soil enzymes, not only because the soil pro-3 期唐东山等:人工藻结皮对库布齐沙地土壤酶活性的影响 343 vides sorts of catalytic conditions (such as temperature, water, pH, reactant and so on), but also because soil can prevent soil enzymes from deactivation by combining with them through covalent bond, electrovalent bond or hydrogen bond.About 60 soil enzymes have been found by now, which mainly result from soil microorganisms.Soil enzymes act as an important role in the transforming of plant nutrition elements.The leading function of soil enzymes is taking part in the circulation of nutrition elements, such as C, N, P, S, and so on.Together with soil microorganisms, soil enzymes promote all of the reactions involved soil bio-chemical processes.Therefore, the activities of soil enzymes are universally taken for as characteristic index of soil quality.Chinese scientists began to study soil enzymes in 1960' s, and in 1980' s, along with the development of environmental sciences, the studies of soil enzymes became more and more important.To our knowledge, the studies mainly focused on farmland ecosystem, and some on the relationship of soil enzymes and environmental pollution, few studies have been made on the possible effects of soil enzymes in desert ecosystem, still less using soil enzymes as a way to manage and restore the desert ecosystems.
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Keywords:
- Microcoleus vaginatus /
- Phormidium tenue /
- Artificial algal-crust /
- Desert soil /
- Soil enzyme
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