武汉东湖浮游藻类物种多样性的研究
DIVERSITY OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON IN DONGHU LAKE, WUHAN
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摘要: 从1994年1月至199年12月,每月定期从东湖四个常规采样站采集浮游藻类标本进行研究.经鉴定共发现20个分类单位,隶属于7个门的99个属,其中有2种为中国新记录.以1995年浮游藻类的群落结构进行分析的结果是:浮游藻类的种类数以绿藻门最多,硅藻门次之;各站基本上均以夏季种类最多,其次为秋季和春季,冬季最低;四个站中分布的种类差异不明显,各站都出现的种类数占全部种类数的39.%;不同的站或同一个站在不同的季节其优势类群亦不同.计算了与水体营养类型有关的浮游藻类群落的两种指标-多样性指数和硅藻商.对东湖浮游藻类群落结构的特征及变化与水质的关系进行了探讨,从浮游藻类群落的演替指出东湖的富营养化程度自20世纪50年代以来一直在加剧.Abstract: The composition and diversity of phytoplankton community were analysed in four sample stations in Donghu Lake, Wuhan from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1996. 260 taxa belonging to 99 genera and 7 phyla were observed, of which 2 taxa were recorded for the first time in China. The composition was similar in the four stations in successive years, and the community structure of the phytoplankton in 1995 were analyzed. The number of the total species was the highest in summer, minimum in winter and the species occurred at the four stations counted for 39.6% of the total species. The species number of Chlorophyta was the highest, with high species number of Chlorococcals found (counted for 80% of Chlorophyta), but none species was considered to be dominant species. The second highest species number was found to be Bacillariophyta, of which pennate diatoms comprised more than 80% of the diversity, with less than 20% centric diatoms found. However, two centric diatoms (Cyclotella meneghiniana and Stephanodiscus hantzschii)were detected to be dominant species. Though the species number of Cyanophyta was not high, the community was dominated by Cyanophyta in Summer and Autumn in four stations, dominant species included Merismopedia minima, Phormidium tenue and Oscillatoria limnetica. Cryptophyta could be dominant groups in winter or spring though only 3 species were identified. The dominant species in stations Ⅰ&Ⅱ are different from those at stations Ⅲ&Ⅳ in Winter and Spring:dominant speices in stations ⅠⅡ are indicators of eutrophication, but some dominant species in stations ⅢⅣ were β-mesotrophic indicators, e.g. Achnanthes minutissima. Three kinds of diversity index(Margalef, Simpson and Shannon-Weaner) were calculated and results suggested that diversity index might be not good indicators of water quality when the water was at high eutrophication status. However, the Diatom Quotient declined in the order of stations Ⅰ to Ⅳ and was proposed to be highly correlated to water quality. Finally, the relationship between changes of the phytoplankton community structure and the water quality was discussed. It is concluded that the eutrophication had been aggravated since 1950s.
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Keywords:
- Phytoplankton /
- Community structure /
- Eutrophication /
- Donghu Lake
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Reisland, 1874-1959[7] Geitler L. Cyanophyceae. In Raberhorst ed.: Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz. Band XIV[M],Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesell-Schaft, 1932[8] Desikachary T V. Cyanophyta[M],Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 1959[9] Zhu H R, Freshwater algae in China, vol 2, Chroococcales,[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1991. [朱浩然. 中国淡水藻类,第二卷,色球藻纲. 北京:科学出版社,1991][10] Huber-Pestalozzi, G. Das Phytoplankton des Suβwassers 7/1: 1-1044[M]. 1983[11] Hu H J, Li Y Y, Wei Y X, et al. Freshwater algae in China [M]. Shanghai: Science Technology Press, 1979. [胡鸿钧,李尧英,魏印心,等. 中国淡水藻类. 上海:科学技术出版社,1979]［12］Hegewald E, Yamagishi T. Pediastrum asymmetricum Yamagishi et Hegewald a new species from Japan and some notes on accompanying Pediastrum taxa[J]. Nowa Hedwigia,1994,59:77-95[13] Shen Y F, Zhang Z S, Gong X J, The new detection technique on minibiology[M]. Beijing: China architecture industry press, 1990. [沈韫芬,章宗涉,龚循矩. 微型生物监测新技术. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990][14] Giorgio P A. Progressive changes in the structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton community along a polution gradient in lowland river-a multivariate approach[J]. Hydrobiol, 1991, 214(3):129-154[15] Liu Jiankang, The study on ecology in Donghu lake(Ⅱ)[M]. Beijing: Science press, 1995. [刘建康,东湖生态学研究(二). 北京:科学出版社,1995][16] The special committee about environmental problem on ecological academy in Japan, Enviroment and denotative biology, Beijing: China environmental science press[M]. 1987. [日本生态学会环境问题专门委员会. 环境和指示生物. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,1987][17] Wei Y X, The Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta and Cryptophyta in Donghu lake, Wuhan[J]. Study on botany of Wuhan, 1985, 3(3):243-254. [魏印心. 武汉东湖的绿藻、甲藻和隐藻. 武汉植物学研究,1985,3(3):243-254][18] Liu J K. The study on ecology in Donghu lake(Ⅰ)[M]. Beijing: Science press, 1990. [刘建康. 东湖生态学研究(一). 北京:科学出版社,1990][19] Korneva L G, Mineeva N M. Phytoplankton composition and pigment concentrations as indicators of water quality in the Rybinsk reservoir[J]. Hydrobiol, 1996,322:255-259[20] Odum E P. The foundation of ecology[M]. Beijing: People education press, 1981. [奥德姆. 生态学基础(孙儒泳译). 北京:人民教育出版社,1981][21] Reynolds C S. The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1984[22] Archibald R E M. Diversity in some South African diatom associations and its relation to water quality[J], Wat. Res. 1972,6:1229-1238[23] Rawson D W. Algae indicators of trophic lake types[J]. Limnol. Oceanogh., 1956,1:18-25[24] Meng R X, Liu Z Q, The evaluation of water pollution and eutrophication in Chaohu with phytoplankton[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1988, 12(1):14-26. [蒙仁宪,刘贞秋. 以浮游植物评价巢湖水质污染及富营养化. 水生生物学报,1988,12(1):14-26.][25] Zhang Z S, Mo Z C, Jie K R, The Detection and evaluation of water pollution in Tumen river with algae[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica. 1983,8(1):97-104. [章宗涉,莫珠成,戎克文. 用藻类监测和评价图们江的水污染. 水生生物学集刊,1983,8(1):97-104]
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