厦门海域两头中华白海豚体内微量元素的积累
BIOACCUMULATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN TWO INDO PACIFIC HUMPBACK DOLPHINS (SOUSA CHINENSIS) FROM XIAMEN COASTAL WATER
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摘要: 对2004年4月在厦门海域搁浅死亡的两头中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)进行了肝脏、胰、胃、肾、肠、肺、肌肉、心脏等多组织微量元素锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)和砷(As)浓度的测定。两豚各组织总体上必需元素Zn、Cu浓度高于有毒元素Hg、Pb、Cd和As。XM20040430体内特别高的Zn、Hg、Pb、Cd浓度分别出现于皮肤(500μg/g干重)、肝脏(255μg/g干重)、肺(13.0μg/g干重)和肾(2.82μg/g干重)中,而Cu和As在各组织中的浓度较为相似。XM20040429体内仅肝脏中Zn(448μg/g干重)和Cu(52.0μg/g干重)的浓度远高于其他组织。虽然两海豚微量元素的总体积累多低于急性毒性水平,但有毒元素Hg、Pb、Cd、As的明显检出和XM20040429肝脏中异常高的Zn浓度均显示出进一步研究微量元素慢性胁迫效应的必要性。结果还显示厦门港海域近年来Hg、Cd、Pb污染未见减轻,As也明显检出,必须引起高度重视。今后有关水生哺乳动物中As积累的研究也有待加强。Abstract: The concentrations of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) were determined by using various tissue or organs (e.g.liver, pancrea, stomach, kidney, intestine, lung, muscle, heart, skin and brain) of two Indo2Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) found dead in coastal water near Xiamen harbor in April, 2004. In general, essential elements Zn and Cu were accumulated at a higher concentration than toxic elements Pb, Hg, Cd and As in most tissues or organs of both dolphins.In animal XM20040430 particularly higher concentrations of Zn, Hg, Pb and Cd were observed in the skin (500μg/g dry weight), liver (255μg %g dry weight), lung (13.0μg/g dry weight), and kidney (2.82μg/g dry weight), respectively.In contrast, those of tissular Cu and As level were similar.In animal XM20040430 only hepatic Zn (448μg/g dry weight) and Cu (52.0μg/g dry weight) concentrations were much higher than those in any other tissue or organ. Although the concentrations of trace elements in two dolphins seemed not to cause acute toxicity, possibility of chronic impact cannot be eliminated as toxic Pb, Hg, Cd and As were detected evidently and hepatic Zn in the liver of animal XM20040429 showed an abnormally high level.It is notable that the contamination by Hg, Pb and Cd in Xiamen water has not been reduced in recent years based on comparison of our results with the accumulation levels in S.chinensis of the previous literatures.Effective toxic element pollution control strategies are necessary for future conservation of the endangered animals like S.chinensis and fishery species along Xiamen coastal water.In addition, As pollution in marine mammals of China requires further study.
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Keywords:
- Indo-pacific humpback dolphins /
- Xiamen coastal water /
- Copper /
- Zinc /
- Lead /
- Cadmium /
- Arsenic /
- Mercury /
- Bioaccumulation
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