三峡水库不同区域对鱼类群落结构和鱼类组成动态的影响
EFFECT OF THE DISTANCE FROM THE DAM ON RIVER FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITIONAL TRENDS, WITH REFERENCE TO THE THREE GORGES DAM, YANGTZE RIVER, CHINA
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摘要: 研究选取三峡水库三个不同的区域来研究离坝距离对鱼类群落结构和鱼类组成动态的影响。2010年11月到2011年10月期间共采集了8680尾鱼类样本，隶属于11科58种，其中鲤科鱼类占据了三峡水库鱼类的主体。夏季时的鱼类丰度显著高于其他季节的（P0.05）。鱼类物种多样性与丰度在靠近大坝的江段（秭归）最低，中游江段（万州）相对较高，远离大坝的江段（涪陵）居中。随着三峡大坝的建成，鱼类区系也由适应流水生存的种类转变为适应静水生存的种类。因此，三峡水库蓄水已经明显地改变了其原有的鱼类群落结构，鱼类组成的相对丰度也随着时间发生了改变。Abstract: The Three Gorges Reservoir on the Yangtze River of China is the largest hydropower project in the world. Three reaches from the upper Yangtze River were selected for the study on the effect of distance from the dam on river fish community structure and fish composition trends. A total of 8680 fish representing 58 species of 11 families were collected during the study period from November 2010 to October 2011. The results indicated that the fish assemblage in the reservoir was dominated by Cyprinids. Fish abundance in the summer was significantly higher than that in other seasons (P0.05). Fish species richness and abundance close to the dam (Zigui reach) were less, comparatively higher at the middle reach (Wanzhou reach) and intermediate at far from the dam (Fuling reach). Fish fauna shifted from lotic species to lentic species associated with reservoir construction. Therefore, it is evident that impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir has altered the fish assemblage structure, and fish species compositions have shifted in their relative abundance over time.
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Keywords:
- Fish fauna shift /
- Impoundment /
- Species richness /
- The Three Gorges Reservoir /
- The Yangtze River
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