温度和培养体积对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖影响的研究
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND CULTURE VOLUME ON POPULATION DYNAMIC AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS
-
摘要: 研究了5个培养体积(50、100、200、400、1000 mL)和2个温度(20℃、25℃)下大型溞(Daphnia magnaStraus)种群动态和两性生殖的变化,结果表明:(1)在相同培养体积下,随温度升高,大型溞首次抱卵时间缩短、首次产幼溞时间提前。在相同温度下,大型溞首次抱卵体长随培养体积的增大而增大。20℃和25℃下,1000 mL组大型溞首次抱卵体长分别是(2.54±0.02)mm和(2.71±0.01)mm。(2)在一定时间内,大型溞种群数量快速增加。但在较小培养体积下大型溞种群增长明显受到抑制。20℃和25℃下1000 mL培养体积组最大种群数量是2152 ind./1000 mL和3085 ind./1000 mL,分别约为50 mL组的4倍和13倍。培养体积与大型溞最大种群数量间存在显著相关性(<0.01,n=15)。(3)所有种群实验组均产生雄体,且雄体数量随种群数量的增加而相应增加。20℃下1000 mL组产生的雄体数量明显高于其他培养体积组,最大比例可达36%,且第一次产幼溞即出现雄性。雄体数量与大型溞最大种群数量之间呈显著的相关性(20℃:<0.01,n=15;25℃:<0.05,n=15)。(4)20℃和25℃下,1000 mL组大型溞累计产生卵鞍分别为814和359个,且均由母溞后代形成。而其他体积组仅产生少量卵鞍或不产卵鞍,且所产卵鞍均由培养时的母溞形成。20℃和25℃下1000 mL组所产卵鞍的空卵鞍率分别达61.18%和99.16%。实验期间,20℃、1000 mL组所产生的卵鞍中,含休眠卵的比例均在20%以上。Abstract: Under two temperatures(20℃ and 25℃)and five culture volumes(50,100,200,400 and 1000 mL),population dynamic and sexual reproduction of Daphnia magna which came from Huaihe river were studied in this paper.The results showed that:(1) At same culture volume,the mature time and the first brood time of D.magna shortened with the increase of temperature.The mature body length of D.magna increased with the increase of culture volume at same temperature.The mature body length of D.magna in the 1000 mL group was(2.54±0.02)mm at 20℃ and(2.71±0.01)mm at 25℃.(2) At the initial stage,the population size could increase rapidly through parthenogenesis.However,population growth of D.magna was evidently limited at lower culture volumes.The maximal population size of D.magna in the 1000 mL group were 4 times at 20℃(2152 ind./1000 mL) and 13 times at 25℃(3085 ind./1000 mL) higher than that in the 50 mL group.It had significant relationship between the maximal population sizes of D.magna and culture volumes(P0.01,n=15).The first brood size of D.magna were(96.0±36.4) ind./50 mL,(82.3±25.1) ind./100 mL,(328.0±28.8) ind./200 mL,(296.7±36.7) ind./400 mL and(290.3±27.0) ind./1000 mL at 20℃,and was(44.3±3.1) ind./50 mL,(64.0±11.4) ind./100 mL,(283.7±5.5) ind./200 mL,(524.3±18.7) ind./400 mL and(525.7±26.8) ind./1000 mL at 25℃,respectively.(3) During the experiment,the males occurred in all the groups.The number of male of D.magna increased with the increase of population size.The number of male of D.magna in the 1000 mL group was obviously higher than that in other culture volumes at 20℃,and the highest male percent reached 36%,and the males was induced in the first broods.The number of male was positively correlated with the maximal population size of D.magna(20℃: P0.01,n=15;25℃: P0.05,n=15).(4) It was totally produced 814 ephippia at 20℃ and 359 ephippia at 25℃ in the 1000 mL group,which produced by the offspring of the mother,while a few ephippia were produced by the mother or no ephippia appeared in the other groups.The percent of empty ephippia among ephippia was 61.18% at 20℃ and 99.16% at 25℃ in the 1000 mL group.During the experiment,the percent of ephippia containing the resting eggs in the 1000 mL group was up to 20% at 20℃.It was likely that lower temperature and population size might be two important factors that caused sexual reproduction and produced the resting eggs in D.magna.
-
Keywords:
- Daphnia magna /
- Population dynamics /
- Male /
- Ephippium /
- Resting eggs
-
-
[1] 蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志:淡水枝角类.北京:科学出版社.1979,24-5. Jiang X Z,Du N S.Fauna Sinica:Crustacean,freshwater cladocera[M].Beijing:Science Press.1979,24-54 (in Chinese)[蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志:淡水枝角类.北京:科学出版社.1979,24-54]
[2] Huang X Q,Wang W.The effects of temperature and salinity on growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2000,9(1):15-20[黄显清,王武.温度和盐度对大型溞生长和生殖的影响.上海水产大学学报,2000,9(1):15-20]
[3] Barker D M,Hebert P D N.The role of density in sex determination in Daphnia magna (Crustacean,Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1990,23:373-377
[4] Carvalho G R,Hughes R N.The effect of food availability,female cuhure-density and photoperiod on ephippia production in Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea,Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1983,13:37-46
[5] Hobaek A,Larssen P.Sex determination in Daphnia magna[J].Ecology,1990,71(6):2255-2268
[6] Korpelainen H.The effects of temperature and photoperiod on life history parameters of Daphnia magna (Crustacea,Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1986,16:615-620
[7] Innes D J,Singleton D B.Variation in allocation to sexual and asexual reproduction among clones of cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia pulex (Crustacea:Cladocera)[J].Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,2000,71:771-787
[8] Hebert P D N,Beaton M J,Schwartz S S,et al.Polyphyletic origins of asexuality in Daphnia pulex.1.Breeding-system variation and levels of clonal diversity[J].Evolution,1989,43:1004-1015
[9] Maia-Barbosa P M,Eskinazi-Sant' Anna E M,Valadares C F,et al.The resting eggs of zooplankton from tropical,eutrophic reservoir (Pampulha Reservoir,south-east Brazil)[J].Lakes & Reservoirs:Research and Management,2003,8:269-275
[10] Keller B,Spaak P.Nonrandom sexual reproduction and diapausing egg production in a Daphnia hybrid species complex[J].Limnology Oceanography,2004,49(4):1393-1400
[11] Marazzo A,Valentin J L.Population parameters of Pleopis polyphemoides (Crustacea,Cladocera) in a tropical bay[J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2003,57:1015-1021
[12] Burns C W.Effects of crowding and different food levels on growth and reproductive investment of Daphnia[J].Oecologia,1995,101:234-244
[13] Schwartz S S.Life history strategies in Daphnia:a review and predictions[J].Oikos,1984,42:114-122
[14] Qian Y X,Lu K H,Zhang X Q.Effects of Food and temperature on the population dynamics of Simocephalus vetulus[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science),2001,20(3):209-212[钱云霞,陆开宏,张晓琴.温度与食物对老年低额溞种群动态的影响.浙江海洋学院(自然科学版),2001,20(3):209-212]
[15] Deng D G,Jin Y,Liu M,et al.Effect of temperature and food concentration on the growth and reproduction of Simocephalus vetulus[J 1.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2006,30 (3):298-303[邓道贵.靳英,柳明,等.温度和食物浓度对老年低额溞生长与生殖的影响.水生生物学报,2006,30(3):298-303]
[16] Wang Y,He Z H.Effect of temperature and salinity on intrinsic increasing rate of Moina mongolica Daddy (Cledocera:Moinidae) population[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(1):91-94[王岩,何志辉.温度和盐度对蒙古裸腹溞种群内禀增长率的影响.应用生态学报,2001,12(1):91-94]
[17] Shi X L,Shi X B.Reproduction and development of Simocephalus himalayensis Microdus (Crnstacea:Cladocera)[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,1996,42(3):287-296[施心路,史新柏.微齿喜马拉雅低额溞的生殖与发育.动物学报,1996,42(3):287-296]
[18] Nandini S,Sarma S S S.Population growth of some genera of cladocerans (Cladocera) in relation to algal food (Chlorella vulgaris) levels[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,491:211-219
[19] Martinez-Jeronimo F,Bodrtgaez-Estrada J.Effect of culture density and volume on Moina micrura (Kurz,1874) reproduction,and sex ratio in the progeny[J].Hydrobiologia,2004,594:69-73
[20] Innes D J.Sexual reproduction of Daphnia palex in a temporary habitat[J].Oecologia,1997,111:53-60
[21] Caceres C E.lnterspecific variation in the abundance,production and emergence of Daphnia diapausing eggs[J].Ecology,1998,79(5):1699-1710
[22] Lurling M,Roozen F.Response of Daphnia to substances released from crowed congeners and conspecifics[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,23(8):967-978
[23] Winsor G L,Innes D J.Sexual reproduction in Daphnia pulex (Crnstaeea:Cladocera):observations on male mating behavior and avoidance of inbreeding[J].Freshwater Biology,2002,47:441-450
[24] Cao W Q,Lin Y S,Guo D H.Effect studies of some environmentul conditions on reproductive conversion of Moina mongolica,a salt water cladocera[J].Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait,2001,20(suppl.):190-195[曹文清,林元烧,郭东晖.若干生态因子对蒙古裸腹溞生殖方式转变效应的实验.台湾海峡,2001,20(增刊):190-195]
[25] Zhang H X,Shi X L.The primary researches on the ephippial eggs inducing budding and morphology of ephippium of Wlassidsia pannonica[J].Natural Sciences Journal of Harbin Normal University,2004,42(5):71-82[张会新,施心路.低脊锥唇溞休眠卵诱发、萌发及卵鞍形态学的初步研究.哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2004,42(5):71-82]
[26] Spsak P.Sexual reproduction in Daphnia:interspecific differences in a hybrid species complex[J].Oecologia,1995,104:501-507
计量
- 文章访问数: 1035
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 463
下载: