ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FAST SWIMMING AND ITS INFORMATION UTILIZATION FOR LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI
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摘要: 为了掌握对虾游动发声规律及其信息的利用可能, 文章以南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为对象研究了不同游动行为的发声信号特征。首先, 在实验室黑暗条件下利用短时光源刺激南美白对虾, 采集两种规格(小: 4—6 cm; 大: 10—11 cm)对虾的快速游动发声信号, 并分析得出: 小规格对虾的主峰值频率约为250 Hz, 并有次主峰频率约425 Hz; 大规格对虾有约70 Hz主峰频率与约15 Hz的次主峰频率。其次, 确定了游动行为中甩尾弹射的发声信号及其特征, 其中心频率及频带范围均与快速游动发声信号的特征有明显差别。最后, 对比养殖现场环境的水下声音信息发现: 快速游动发声与背景噪声频域特征类似, 部分信号被覆盖; 对虾弹射发声信号可以清晰辨别, 虽与实验室相比该信号的能量集中频率、频率主峰及次主峰频率更低且频率范围要更小, 但其频谱及时频的信号特点与实验室信号有一定的关联性(持续时间均约为0.01s、能量的频率分布均集中于2—3 kHz)。因此, 对虾在游动中的弹射发声信号可作为养殖中监测对虾行为的生物声学信息, 有助于以声学信号监测对虾行为异常和判断生长状况的应用开发。Abstract:White-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as an important aquatic economic species in the world, behavioral acoustics research will help to improve the level of aquaculture. In the present study, two sizes of the white-leg shrimp (4—6 cm TL and 10—11 cm TL) from the nursery of Shanghai Ocean University were investigated. The experiment was conducted in 2 glass tanks (4 cm×28 cm×30 cm) which were shaded. In addition, there were two controllable underwater lights of 10W in each tank. One underwater camera and one hydrophone were fixed in each tank. The hydrophone was 20 cm away from the top and connected to an SM4 recorder. Prior to the experiment, the controlled underwater light and the underwater camera (turned on before placing the water) are placed in the desired location. For each measurement, individual white-leg shrimp was used and acclimated for 40—60min under the dark prior to measuring. Sounds were recorded for 10 minutes after the lights were switched on (a timer controlled the time). Meanwhile, the behaviors of the white-leg shrimp were captured by the underwater camera.The results showed that the main peak frequency of the acoustic signals was about 250 Hz, and the secondary peak appeared near 425 Hz produced by the small white-leg shrimp during fast swimming. The primary peak frequency of acoustic signals was 70 Hz, and the secondary peak was 15 Hz produced by the large shrimp. Further, the center frequency and frequency range of the acoustic signals of the tail flick was significantly different from that of the fasting swimming. We also collected a signal of tail flick from the white leg shrimp in the shrimp pond. The energy range of the signal was 0.5—6 kHz. The energy frequency range was 1—4 kHz, and the maximum concentrated energy frequency was about 2 kHz. Different from the laboratory’s results, the main peak frequency of the signal was about 1.8 kHz, and there was a main secondary peak of about 250 Hz. In comparison to the laboratory data, the pond background noise and the sound produced by the white-leg shrimp during fast swimming were low-frequency signals. The frequency of the signal by tail-flick of the white-leg shrimp was higher than the background noise. The signal duration in the pond and laboratory was about 0.01s, and the frequency distribution of the energy was concentrated at 2—3 kHz. In summary, we studied the fast swimming sound production by two size white-leg shrimp. In the future, the tail flick sounds produced by shrimps of different conditions need further study, which is essential to utilizing sound information for monitoring shrimp health.
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Keywords:
- Fast swimming /
- Acoustic signal /
- Information utilization /
- Litopenaeus vannamei
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图 1 装置布设示意图
A. 水听器; B. 水下摄像机; C. 可控光源; D. 泡沫垫
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of device layout
A. hydrophone; B. underwater camera; C. a controllable light source; D. foam pad
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图 2 对虾游动行为
1. 对虾未受到刺激时的正常状态; 2—5. 对虾受到刺激后腹肢的摆动顺序
Figure 2. Swimming behavior of L. vannamei
1. the state when it is not stimulated; 2—5. the swing sequence of pleopods
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图 4 小规格对虾快速游动发声信号的波形图
图中彩色方框表明信号波形的幅度随时间越来越小, 其反映出对虾快速游动中发声持续时间在0.03—0.04s, 黑色方框表明波形幅度趋于平缓, 此时对虾未产生明显发声信号
Figure 4. Oscillogram of acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the small L. vannamei
In the figure, the color box represents that the amplitude of the signal waveform is getting smaller and smaller with time, which reflects that the duration of the sound produced by the fast swimming of shrimp is between 0.03—0.04s, and the black box represents that the amplitude of the waveform tends to be flat, in which the shrimp does not produce obvious sound signals
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图 5 小规格对虾快速游动发声信号的时频图
图中箭头上方数字1—5代表了图 4中对应波形, 方框内的红色色块代表相应波形经过傅里叶变换后所呈现的信号特征
Figure 5. Time-frequency diagram of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the small L. vannamei
Numbers above the arrows represent the corresponding waveform in Fig.4, respectively, and the red color blocked in the boxes represents the signal characteristics of the corresponding waveform after Fourier transform
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图 6 小型对虾快速游动发声信号的频谱图
Figure 6. Frequency spectra of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the small L. vannamei
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图 7 大规格对虾快速游动发声的波形图
Figure 7. Oscillogram of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the large L. vannamei
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图 8 大规格对虾快速游动发声信号的时频图
图中箭头上方数字1—5代表了图 8中对应波形, 方框内的红色色块代表相应波形经过傅里叶变换后所呈现的信号特征图A. 在图 7信号编号1—3发声时频图; 图B. 对虾截取声学片段编号4—5快速游动发声时频图
Figure 8. Time-frequency diagram of acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the large L. vannamei
Numbers above the arrow in the figure represent the corresponding waveform in Fig. 10, and the red color blocked in the boxes represents the signal characteristics of the corresponding waveform after Fourier transform Fig. A. The time-frequency diagram of signal number 1—3 in Fig.7; Fig. B. The time-frequency diagram of signal number 4—5 in Fig. 7
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图 9 大规格对虾快速游动发声的频谱图
Figure 9. Frequency spectra of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the large L. vannamei
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图 10 小规格对虾快速游动发声信号平均频谱
Figure 10. Average frequency spectrum of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the small L. vannamei
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图 11 大规格对虾游动发声信号平均频谱
Figure 11. Average frequency spectrum of the acoustic signal related to fast swimming behavior of the large L. vannamei
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图 12 小规格对虾贴底游动发声信号的波形图
Figure 12. Oscillogram of the acoustic signal related to swimming close to the bottom of the small L. vannamei
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图 13 小规格南美白对虾游动摩擦行为发声信号时频图
Figure 13. Time-frequency diagram of acoustic signal related to friction in swimming of the small L. vannamei
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图 14 大规格对虾弹射发声信号的波形图
Figure 14. Oscillogram of the acoustic signal related to tail-flip in the large L. vannamei
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图 15 对虾弹射发声信号的频谱图
Figure 15. Spectrum of the acoustic signal related to tail-flip of the large L. vannamei
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图 16 对虾弹射发声信号的时频图
Figure 16. Time-frequency diagram of acoustic signal related to tail-flip of the large L. vannamei
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图 17 虾塘实测环境背景噪声信号的时频图
Figure 17. Time-frequency diagram of environmental background noise in the pond
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图 18 虾塘实测对虾弹射发声信号的波形图
图中黑色方框与红色方框中的波形为虾塘中的对虾弹射信号
Figure 18. Oscillogram of acoustic signal related to tail-flip of L. vannamei in the pond
The waveforms in the black and red boxes in the figure are tail-flip signals of L. vannamei in the pond
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图 19 虾塘实测对虾弹射发声信号的时频图
图中黑色方框与红色方框中的光谱为虾塘中的对虾弹射信号, 其与图 19中所框起来的波形相互对应
Figure 19. Time-frequency diagram of the acoustic signal related to tail-flip of L. vannamei in the pond
The spectra in the black box and red box in the figure is tail-flip signal of the L. vannamei in the pond, which corresponds to the waveform framed in Fig. 19
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