湖泊放流二龄河蟹的食性
FOOD HABITS OF 2-YEAR-OLD CHINESE MITTEN CRAB, ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS, STOCKED IN LAKE BAO'AN
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摘要: 在保安湖一围栏区(3.3hm2)周年采样,共获得可供食性分析用的二龄河蟹362只(壳宽1.99-6.24cm).胃含物分析表明,河蟹为杂食性,兼具肉食性倾向,以底层群落为食,食谱极为复杂,包括水生大型植物、藻类(4个属)、原生动物、轮虫、节肢动物、环节动物、软体动物、鱼类和颗粒碎屑,各大类食物的出现频率分别为8.3%、82%、0.3%、0.6%、48.2%、28.2%、0.3%、28.7%、88.7%.而不可分辨物在食物团中较为常见,出现频率达46.1%.植物性饵料(大型植物+藻类)出现频率为87.7%,动物性饵料出现频率89.8%;食物团完全由动物性饵料组成的占5.8%,完全由大型植物组成的占5.3%,完全由藻类组成的占0.3%.T-检验表明二龄雌、雄蟹在食性方面不存在显著差异.细胞计数表明,胃含物中大型植物在数量上比藻类多2个数量级.作者最后讨论了在河蟹食性分析中的一些难点问题.Abstract: Gastric mills of 362 specimens of the 2-year-old Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, which contained recognizable food items, in Lake Bao'an were examined. The crab specimens sampled were preserved immediately in 8% formalin and analyzed within 20 days, except specimens in April, May and June which were observed immediately after the crabs were captured. In the laboratory, carapace width (cw) were measured using caliper, and sex recorded. The gastric mills were dissected out, and the food contents of each individual were flushed into a 5 ml plastic tube with 5% formalin and stirred lightly using tweezers to break up and then examined under a binocular microscope at 160× to 600×. All food items were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and later sorted into fourteem dietary categories: macrophytes, algae (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta), arthropods, oligochaetes, fishes, protozoan, rotifer, gastropods, detritus and the unidentified animal tissue. The results showed that the crab is omnivorous, with tendency for carnivory, feeding on members of benthic communities. The food items' percent frequency of occurrence was 87.3% (macrophytes), 82%(algae, including 47 genera), 48.2%(arthropods), 28.2%(oligochaetes), 28.7%(fish), 0.3%(protozoans), 0.6%(rotifers), 0.3%(gastropods) and 88.7%(detritus). Unidentified animal tissues were often observed, with an occurrence frequency of 46.1%. In total, the frequency of occurrence of plants (macrophytes+algae) is 87.7% and animals 89.8%. However, 5.8% of the gastric mills was filled only by animals, 5.3% by macrophytes and 0.3% by algae. T-test showed there was no significant difference in food habits between sexes (p>0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that there was no ontogenetic diet shift in the 2-year-old crab. The ratio of cell number of macrophytes to algae was about 118—219:1. Finally, some difficult questions in studying food habits of the crab were discussed.
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Keywords:
- Eriocheir sinensis /
- Food habit /
- Lake
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Utilization and protection of submerged plant resources by pen-crab culturingin Nushan Lake [J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 1999, 11(1):91-96.[祖国掌,围栏养蟹利用与女山湖沉水植物资源保护[J]. 湖泊科学,1999, 11(1):91-96][6] Liang, Y. H. Liu, Resources, environment and fishery ecological management of macrophytic lakes [M]. Science Press, Beijing, China. 1995.[梁彦龄,刘伙泉,草型湖泊资源、环境与渔业生态学管理[M]. 北京,科学出版社. 1995][7] Wu R S S, Shin P K S. Food segregation in three species of portunid crabs [J]. Hydrobiologia, 1998,362:107-113[8] Aurioles-Gamboa D, Perez-Flores R. Seasonal and bathymetric changes in feeding habits of the benthic red crab Pleuroncodes planipes (Decapoda, Anomura, Galatheidae) off the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico [J]. Crustaceana, 1997,70(3):272-287[9] Kennith, R. and Williams, G. A. Feeding preferences of the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus: the differential influence of algal nutrient content and morphology [J]. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1996,147(1-3):87-95[10] Jensen, G. C. and Asplen, M. K. Omnivory in the diet of juvenile dungeness crab, Cancer magister Dana [J]. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 1998,226(2):175-182[11] Shen, Y. Ecological studies on the periphytic protozoa in Lake Dong Hu, Wuhan [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1980,7(1):19-40.[沈韫芬,武汉东湖周丛原生动物生态[J]. 水生生物学集刊,1980,7(1):19-40]［12］Hepher, B. Principles of fish nutrition. In M. Shilo S. Sargig (eds), Fish Culture in Warm Water System: Problems and trends [M]. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, 1989, 121-142[13] Collins, P. A. and Paggi, J. C. Feeding ecology of Macrobrachium borelli (Nobili) (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in the flood valley of the River Parana, Argentina [J]. Hydrobiologia, 1998,362:21-30[14] Zhang, T. and Li, Z. Some observations on the biology of the bitterling Paracheilognathus imberbis in the Niushan Lake (Hubei, China). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1999,23(Suppl.):164-170[15] Williams, M. J. Natural food and feeding in the commercial sand crab Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1766 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) in Moreton Bay, Queensland [J]. J. Exp. Mar. Ecol. 1982,59:165-176[16] Liu, J K. Advanced hydrobiology [M]. Beijing, Science Press. 1998,151-175.[刘建康,高级水生生物学[M]. 北京,科学出版社. 1998,151-175]
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