南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对消化率及摄食率的影响
THE NUTRITION OF SILURUS MERIDIONALIS: EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY SOYBEAN PROTEIN ON DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDING RATE
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摘要: 以23.78±0.09g的南方鲇为实验对象,以Cr2O3作为测定饲料消化率的指示物,以大豆蛋白分别替代0%、13%、26%、39%、52%和65%的鱼粉蛋白,配制成6种等氮(粗蛋白48%)、等能(总能20KJ/g)的饲料,用于探讨饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白的比例对南方鲇消化率及摄食率的影响。实验在27.5±0.02℃水温条件下进行6周,溶氧维持在5mg/L以上,光制为14L∶10D。结果表明,饲料中不同比例的鱼粉蛋白与大豆蛋白对南方鲇的消化率及摄食率均存在显著影响(P0.05)。其中南方鲇对于物质、蛋白质、脂肪和能量的消化率随着大豆蛋白替代率的提高而逐步下降,当替代量为65%时,其消化率显著低于其余各组(P0.05)。而南方鲇的摄食率均随着饲料中大豆粉添加量的升高而升高,当大豆蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白超过39%时,摄食率显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。通过分析认为,消化率是限制南方鲇利用大豆粉的重要因素,而摄食率不是影响其利用率的主要原因。Abstract: A growth experiment was conducted on Silurus meridionalis, with initial weight of 23 .78 ±0.09g, for 6 weeks at 27.5±0.02℃ in recirculating system. Using chromic oxide as an indicator, six isonitrogenous(48% protein)and isoenergetic(gross energy, 20KJ/g)diets, with soybean protein(SP)replacing 0%, 13%, 26%, 39%, 52% and 65% of fish meal protein(FP), were formulated to examine the effects of incorporation of dietary SP on digestibility and feeding rate. The results indicated that dietary level of SP significantly influenced feeding rate and apparent digestibility in this souther sheatfish(P 0.05). With the increased SP, the apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy decreased. When SP in the diet was 65%, the apparent digestibility was significantly lower than that in other groups(P 0.05). Feeding rate increased with the increased SP. Fish fed the diets with 52% and 65% of SP showed significantly higher feeding rate than other groups(P 0.05). It is suggested that the digestibility was an important factor affecting the utilization of soybean meal for the southern sheatfish, but the feeding rate didn't.
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Keywords:
- Dietary protein /
- Soybean meal /
- Silurus meridionalis /
- Digestibility /
- Feeding rate
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Aquaculture, 1992, 104:279-292[8] Bureau D P, Harris A M, Cho C Y. The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)and rainbow trout)Oncorhychus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161:325-345[9] Xie X J, Sun R Y. The bioenergetics of the southern catfish Silirus meridionalis Chen: growth rate as a function of ration level, body weight, and temperature [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1992, 40:719-730[10] Xie X J, Sun R Y. Pattern of energy allocation in the southern catfish Silures meridionalis Chen [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1993, 42:197-207[11] 张文斌,谢小军,付世健,等.南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料的最适蛋白质水平[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(6):603-609[12] 邓利,谢小军.南方鲇的营养学研究:I.人工饲料的消化率. [J].水生生物学报,2000,24(4):347-355[13] 付世健,谢小军,张文斌,等.南方鲇的营养学研究:Ⅲ.饲料脂肪对蛋白质的节约效应[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):70-75[14] Furukawa A, Tsukahara H. On the acid digestion method for the determination of chromic oxide as a index substance in the study of digestibility of fish feed [J]. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci., 1966, 32:502-506[15] 艾庆辉,谢小军. 南方鲇营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响[J]. 水生生物学报,2002,26(1):57-65[16] Pongmaneerat J, Watanabe T. Utilization of soybean meal as protein source in diets for rainbow trout [J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992, 58:1983-1990[17] Refstie S, Helland S V, Storebakken T. Adaptation to soybean meal in diets for ranibow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 1997, 153:263-272[18] Refstie S, Storebakken T,Roem A J.Feed consumption and conversion in Altantic salmon)Salmo salar)fed diets with fish meal, extracted soybean meal or soybean meal with reduced content of oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitors, lectins and soya antigenes. Aquaculture, 1998, 162:301-312[19] Bromley P J. The effect of dietary water content and feeding rate on the growth and food conversion efficiency of turbot)Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J]. Aquaculture,1980,20:91-99[20] Jobling M, Wandsvik A. An investigation of factors controlling food intake in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L [J]. J. Fish Biol., 1983, 23:397-404 Jauncey K. Advances in freshwater fish nutrition [M]. In Feed Production Tomorrow II. Bankok, Thailand, 1993[2] 岑玉吉,我国水产饲料业的现状与发展动态[J]. 淡水渔业,1999,29(2):37-40[3] Lim C, Sessa K J. Nutritient and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture [M]. Champaign AOAC Press, 1994,166-188[4] Olli J J, Krogdahl A. Nutritive value of four soybean products in diets for rainbow trout)Oncorhymchus mykiss, walbaum)reared in freshwater [J]. Acta Agri. Scand., Sect. A. Anim. Sci., 1994, 44:185-192[5] Andrew J W, Page J W. Growth factors in the fish meal component of catfish diets [J]. J. Nutr., 1974, 104:1091-1096[6] Refstie S, Svihus B, Shearer K D, et al. Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in different soybean products [J]. Aquaculture, 1999, 79:331-345[7] Reigh R C, Ellis S C. Effects of dietary soybean and fish protein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus)fed isonitrogenous diets [J]. Aquaculture, 1992, 104:279-292[8] Bureau D P, Harris A M, Cho C Y. The effects of purified alcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)and rainbow trout)Oncorhychus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161:325-345[9] Xie X J, Sun R Y. The bioenergetics of the southern catfish Silirus meridionalis Chen: growth rate as a function of ration level, body weight, and temperature [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1992, 40:719-730[10] Xie X J, Sun R Y. Pattern of energy allocation in the southern catfish Silures meridionalis Chen [J]. J. Fish. Biol., 1993, 42:197-207[11] 张文斌,谢小军,付世健,等.南方鲇的营养学研究:饲料的最适蛋白质水平[J].水生生物学报,2000,24(6):603-609[12] 邓利,谢小军.南方鲇的营养学研究:I.人工饲料的消化率. [J].水生生物学报,2000,24(4):347-355[13] 付世健,谢小军,张文斌,等.南方鲇的营养学研究:Ⅲ.饲料脂肪对蛋白质的节约效应[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):70-75[14] Furukawa A, Tsukahara H. On the acid digestion method for the determination of chromic oxide as a index substance in the study of digestibility of fish feed [J]. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci., 1966, 32:502-506[15] 艾庆辉,谢小军. 南方鲇营养学研究:饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响[J]. 水生生物学报,2002,26(1):57-65[16] Pongmaneerat J, Watanabe T. Utilization of soybean meal as protein source in diets for rainbow trout [J]. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992, 58:1983-1990[17] Refstie S, Helland S V, Storebakken T. Adaptation to soybean meal in diets for ranibow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 1997, 153:263-272[18] Refstie S, Storebakken T,Roem A J.Feed consumption and conversion in Altantic salmon)Salmo salar)fed diets with fish meal, extracted soybean meal or soybean meal with reduced content of oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitors, lectins and soya antigenes. Aquaculture, 1998, 162:301-312[19] Bromley P J. The effect of dietary water content and feeding rate on the growth and food conversion efficiency of turbot)Scophthalmus maximus L.)[J]. Aquaculture,1980,20:91-99[20] Jobling M, Wandsvik A. An investigation of factors controlling food intake in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L [J]. J. Fish Biol., 1983, 23:397-404
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