多氯联苯在模拟水生态系统中的分布、积累与迁移动态研究
DISTRIBUTION,ACCUMULATION AND TRANSFER DYNAMICS OF PCB1254 IN A SIMULATED MICRO-COSMOS SYSTEM
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摘要: 利用微宇宙模拟水生态系统对多氯联苯在水体环境中的行为,包括多氯联苯在水体、沉积物、生物体(皇冠草、河蚬、鲢)不同分配相及生物体不同组织、器官中含量、分布以及迁移、富集等时间变化动态过程进行了研究.结果表明,水草对PCB有一定程度的吸收;河蚬对PCBs有明显的吸收积累,并且吸收达到平衡的时间较长.鱼体对PCB的吸收积累在不同组织中有明显的差别,在内脏和肌肉组织中积累较高,鳃组织中积累较低.
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关键词:
- 微宇宙模拟水生态系统 /
- 多氯联苯 /
- 环境行为
Abstract: The distribution,accumulation and transfer dynamics of PCB1254 in water,sediments and biota in a simulated micro-cosmos system were studied. The results showed that PCB1254 released into water body were mainly absorbed upon the surface of suspending particles or precipitated into the sediments due to its high octanol-water partition coefficients(Kow),the concentration of PCBs dissolved in water was very low. The increase of organic material content in water would lead to transfer of PCB1254 from sediments to water column,The distribution and equilibrium of PCB1254 between the water column and sediments phase were related to the organic materials contents such as excrement of fish and shellfish,remnants of life. The extent to which PCBs enter biota is highly dependent on the physical and chemical properties of the compounds and the metabolism capacity of organisms.There were differences in the distribution,accumulation and transfer dynamics of PCB1254 for different organisms:Echinodorus amazonicus adsorbed the PCB1254 mainly by its leaf instead of its roots with a way of physical absorption to some extents and very quickly reached to the equilibrium;Corbicula fluminea had obviously the accumulation of PCB1254,especially in visceral tissue,increasing continually during the 45-day experiment. For Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,the significant differences of PCB1254 accumulation existed between gill,visceral and muscle tissues. It is higher in visceral and muscle than in gill,indicating that the accumulation of PCB1254 was closely related to the content of lipids in different tissues. It is the highest in BCFs(Bioconcentration Factors)of PCB1254 in the visceral tissues of Corbicula fluminea. In which BCFs was about 89418 times,followed by Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,lowest for Echinodorus amazonicus with BCFs(7648.9 times) -
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Fate and bioconcentration factors of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in laboratory fish-water system[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1994,14(1):32-38[余刚,徐晓白,张甬元,等. 硝基多环芳烃在鱼水系统中的归趋和生物浓缩因子的研究. 环境科学学报,1994. 14(1):32-38][26] Zhu Z N,Lang P Z. Uptake and clearance of organic contaminants by fish [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1987,7(3):339-346 [朱志宁,郎佩珍. 12种有机物在鲤鱼体内富集与释放行为研究. 环境科学学报,1987,7(3):339-346][27] Hope B,Scatolini S,Titus E. Biocncentration of chlorinated biphenyls in biota from the North Pacific Ocean [J].Chemosphere,1998,36(6):1247-1261 Dai S G,Huang G L,Chen C J. Fate of C14-labeled tributyltin in an estuarine microcosm[J]. Apply Organometal Chemistry,1998,12(8/9):585-590[2] Yin D Q,Yang X H,Sun H. The study of the fate of lanthanon in eutrophication water by use of microcosm methods[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 1998,17(3):250-254[尹大强,杨兴烨. 孙昊. 用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归宿. 环境化学,1998,17(3):250-254][3] Wilson S C,Meharg A A. Investigation of organic xenobiotic transfers,partitioning and processing in air-soil-plant systems using a microcosm apparatus Partl:Microcosm development[J]. Chemosphere,1999,38(12):2885-2896[4] Jin H J,Sun L W. The application of simulated water ecological system in environmental research [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1990,1(4):356-363[金洪钧,孙丽伟.模拟水生生态系统及其在环境研究中的应用. 应用生态学报,1990,1(4):356-363][5] Karen E M. Environmental fate of synthetic pyrethroids during spray drift and field runoff treatments in aquatic microcosmos [J].Chemosphere,1999,39(10):1737-1769[6] Sugiura K The use of an aquatic microcosm for pollution effects assessment [J]. Water Research,1996,30(8):1801-1812[7] Wang Z J,Wang Y Simulation of the accumulation and degradation of nitroaromatics in fish by a biomimetic sampling technology [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(3):209-215[王子健,王毅. 用生物模拟采样技术研究硝基芳烃在鱼体内的富集和降解. 水生生物学报,2002,26(3):209-215][8] Xu X B,Dai S G,Huang Y Y. Transfer and ecosystem effect of Mode chemical pollutant in environment[M]. Science Press of China,Peking,1998,399-414[徐晓白,戴树桂,黄玉瑶. 典型化学污染物在环境中的变化及生态效应. 北京:科学出版社. 1998,399-414][9] Xu Y,Wu W Z,Zhang Y H,et al.The trends and long term fate of hexachlorocyclohexane in Ya er lake regions [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 1999,23(4):337-345 [徐盈,吴文忠,张银华等. 鸭儿湖地区六氯还己烷的残留动态与长期归宿. 水生生物学报,1999,23(4):337-345][10] Yang C,Chu S G,Yao W X,et al. Progress of the analytical methods of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in water and wastewater[J]. Advances In Environmental Science,1993,1(3):36-44[杨春,储少岗,姚渭溪等. 水和废水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法及进展环境科学进展,1993,1(3):36-44][11] Ornalscar F I,Colarsek F W. Capillary gas chromatography[M]. London:Academic Press,1989.[12] Afghan B K,Alfred S Y. Analysis of trace organics in the aquatic environment [M]. Boca Raton,Florida:CRC Press Inc.,1990,31-63[13] Potter D W,Pawllszyn J. Rapid determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in water using Solid-Phase Micro-extraction and GC/MS [J]. Environmental Science and Technology 1994,28:298-305[14] Kang Y H,Sheng G Y,Fu J M,et al. The preliminary study on the distribution and characterizations of polychlorinated biphenyls in some of surface sediments from Pearl River Delta[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2000,19(3):262-268[康跃惠,盛国英,傅家谟等珠江三角洲一些表层沉积物中多氯联苯的初步研究. 环境化学,2000,19(3):262-268][15] Jiang K,Cheng R L,Wang J D,et al. Environmental analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls by Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy-use of Chinese commercial products as references [J]. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry,1982,10(12):711-715[蒋可,陈荣莉,王极德,等.环境中多氯联苯残留物的色谱/质谱测定. 分析化学,1982,10(12):711-715][16] Webb R G McCall A C. Quantitative PCB Standards for Electron Capture Gas Chromatography[J] Journal of Chromatographic Science,1973,11:366-373[17] Men Q Y,Chu S G,Xu X B. Advance of study on the absorption behaviors of PCBs in environments[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(15):1578-1579[孟庆昱,储少岗,徐晓白. 多氯联苯的环境吸附行为研究进展. 科学通报,2000,45(15):1578-1579][18] Chu S G,Xu X B,Tong Y P. Distribution and behaviors of Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in typical polluted region [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1995. 15(3):199-203[储少岗,徐晓白,童逸平. 多氯联苯在典型污染地区环境中的分布及其环境行为. 环境科学学报,1995,15(3):199-203][19] Bi X H,Chu S G,Xu X B. Transport of PCBs in contaminated paddy fields [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2001,21(4):454-458. [毕新慧,储少岗,徐晓白. 多氯联苯在水稻田中的迁移行为. 环境科学学报,2001,21(4):454-458][20] Li Y Q,Ding M L. Marine pollution biology[M]. Marine Press,Peking,1991,432-433[李永祺,丁美丽. 海洋污染生物学. 北京:海洋出版社. 199l,432-433][21] Maruya K A,Lee R E. Biota-sediment accumulation and trophic transference factors for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,1998,17(12):2463-2469[22] Sharon A F,Jeffrey J S. PCBs concentrations in the Lower Fox river fish and sediments [J]Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1983,30:58-64[23] Jin X C,Cheng Z H,Xu N N,et al. Pollution chemistry of organic compounds-toxic organic pollution chemistry [M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1990,161-162[金相灿,程振华,徐南妮,等. 有机化合物污染化学-有毒有机污染化学.北京:清华大学出版社,1990,161-162][24] Tan Y Y. Studies on the accumulation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in gall bladder of fish[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1996. 20(3):221-227. [谭渝云. 五氯苯酚在鱼体胆囊内的积累研究. 水生生物学报. 1996,20(3):221-227][25] Yu G.,Xu X B.,Zhang Y Y,et al. Fate and bioconcentration factors of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in laboratory fish-water system[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1994,14(1):32-38[余刚,徐晓白,张甬元,等. 硝基多环芳烃在鱼水系统中的归趋和生物浓缩因子的研究. 环境科学学报,1994. 14(1):32-38][26] Zhu Z N,Lang P Z. Uptake and clearance of organic contaminants by fish [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1987,7(3):339-346 [朱志宁,郎佩珍. 12种有机物在鲤鱼体内富集与释放行为研究. 环境科学学报,1987,7(3):339-346][27] Hope B,Scatolini S,Titus E. Biocncentration of chlorinated biphenyls in biota from the North Pacific Ocean [J].Chemosphere,1998,36(6):1247-1261
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