养殖水环境对中华绒螯蟹不同营养供给模式的响应
EFFECTS OF FEED INGMODELS ONWATER QUALITY FOR CHINESEM ITTEN CRAB ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS
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摘要: 以初始体重为(9.67±0.47)g/只的二龄中华绒螯蟹为实验对象,采用正交设计法L9(34)将水体水草覆盖率、活螺蛳投放量、饵料中动物性饵料比例、投饵方式等4个因子设计成9种营养供给模式,每个模式设3个重复,在东太湖围养区27个独立网围(6m×5m×2.5m,20只蟹/格)中进行为期240d的养殖实验,对各网围养殖水体的水化学指标、浮游生物动态变化进行比较研究。结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹放养密度相同的条件下,不同的营养供给模式显著影响养殖水体水质和浮游生物多样性,其中模式4(水草覆盖率为70%,螺蛳投放量为4500kg/ha,动物性饵料比例为50%,投饵方式为全程投喂,其中5月底前为7.5%,6月开始为5%)的养殖水体中的DO、CODC r、TP、TN、NH4+-N、NO2--N等水质指标值均优于国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)的Ⅲ类水水质标准,也显著优于网围外非养殖区(航道)的水质。浮游生物"指示群落"和"马加利夫多样性指数"分析结果也显示,模式4的水体生物多样性显著高于非养殖区,水质属于寡污型。方差分析结果显示,4个因子对水质影响作用的顺序为:水草覆盖率投饵方式螺蛳投放量动物性饵料比例;将4个因子与主要水质指标CODCr、TP、TN、Chla、浮游生物多样性指数等参数进行回归分析,表明水体水草覆盖率、投饵方式等因子与这些参数关系密切,筛选出有益于湖泊生态保护的中华绒螯蟹养殖的适宜营养供给模式:水草覆盖率为66%—76%、投饵方式为全程投喂7.5%—5.0%、螺蛳投放量为9000kg/ha、动物性饵料比例为50%。Abstract: Four factors, including the coverage of aquatic plants, the input of live snail, the ratio of animal based feed to to2tal feed, different feeding patterns, and three levels were followed to construct nine different feeding models by table L9(34) of the orthogonal design method1After feeding 540 two2year old Chinese mitten crabswith even weight and size in 27separate pens (6m ×5m ×215m) in the raising areas of east Taihu Lake for 240d, the effects of these feedingmodels with three replicates on the dynamic fluctuations of water quality parameters and plankton species were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that under the same density of released crabs, different feeding models exerted significantly different effects on the water quality and p lankton diversity index.Under the feeding model IV, the water quality was higherthan that of class Ⅲ water listed in the state environmental quality standards for surface water (GB383822002) , and evenhigher than that of nonraising areas outside the pens,which was evidenced by its chemical indices ofDO, CODCr , TP, TN,NH+42N,NO -22N and Chl a at 8145mg/L, 16146mg/L, 12150μg/L, 0146mg/L, 0110mg/L, 3160μg/L and 8112μg/L, respectively1The results from variance analysis indicated that the effects of the four factors on the water qualitywere listed inthe order of importance as: the coverage of aquatic p lants > feed casting patterns > the input of live snail > the ratio of ani2mal based feed to total feed1The results of“indicator organism”and Margalefps indices showed that the water biodiversityfrom model IV was significantly higher than that in nonculture areas, and its water body could be regarded as oligotro2phic1Based on the four factors,water quality parameters of CODCr , TP, TN, Chl a, and p lankton diversity index, a statisticalregression analysis was conducted1The results confirmed that the coverage of aquatic p lants and the feed casting patternshad close relations to these parameters.It is suggested that the feeding model,which is suitable for the culture of Chinesemitten crabs and beneficial to ecological protection of lakes, be characterized as follows: the coverage of aquatic plantsranged from 66% to 76% , the feed was given duringwhole growth and developmental stages and in the amount of 715% -510% of the crab weight, the amount of live snail input was 9000kg/ha, and the animal based feed accounted for 50% oftotal.
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