罗氏沼虾小触角表面结构的观察
THE SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE ANTENNULE IN FRESHWATER PRAWN MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII:AN ANTENNULE TYPE WITH AN APPENDAGE FLAGELLUM
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摘要: 罗氏沼虾的小触角是一类具附鞭的小触角.作者应用解剖镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了它的表面形态结构.发现它具有如下特征:1)内、外鞭极长,外鞭另具一条附鞭,而附鞭很短,位于内外鞭之间;2)柄节具250根以上的羽状刚毛、少量的笋状刚毛与硬刺刚毛;3)内鞭、主鞭分节,各节前缘环行分布着4-40根不等的软刺刚毛;4)附鞭系一凹槽结构,槽内约着生着200多根化感刚毛;5)附鞭能纵向卷曲成圆筒状,以包裹槽内的化感刚毛;6)化感刚毛分两段,下为硬管段,上为膜管段,其中膜管壁极薄;7)凹槽近侧端的节段内还具有许多芽状的初生化感刚毛,它们可发育成化感刚毛.因此,罗氏沼虾小触角的表面形态迥异于以往报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角,其附鞭构成嗅觉器官的主体结构,且其本身具有独特的保护化感刚毛之方式.此外,作者按形态学特征将已报道的十足目甲壳动物小触角分为蟹型、龙虾型、小龙虾型和对虾型四种类型,而罗氏沼虾小触角则属于另一种类型--罗氏沼虾型.Abstract: The surface structure of the antennule of Macrobrachium rosenbergii ,an antennule type with and appendage flagellum,were observed in detail with stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope.The results revealed that:1)the antennule of M.rosenbergii was composed of inner flagellum or medial flagellum,outer flagellum or lateral flagellum,and three scapes.The outer flagellum consisted of an appendage flagellum and a main flagellum(Plate Ⅰ∶1);2)there were above 250 plumose setae on the whole scape portion(Plate Ⅰ∶2),in addition,there were several hard thorn setae(Plate Ⅰ∶4)and some bamboo shoot-like setae(Plate Ⅰ∶3)whose function is not clear at present;3)the inner and main flagella were extremely long(Tab.1)and their annuli were well-marked.There were 4～40 soft thorn-like setae on each segment of the flagella,whose top sealed and were thin.The shape of the born socket of the setae was U-type(Plate Ⅰ∶5);4)there was a concave slot on the ventral side of each appendage flagellum(Plate Ⅰ∶5,Plate Ⅱ:7,10,11).In the slot,there existed above 200 aesthetascs that were similar to the ones of Penaeus vannamei in quantity(Plate Ⅰ∶5,Plate Ⅱ:7—2)[16] ,but obviously fewer than that of the most of other decapod species known [4,8,12,15] ;5)the slot of appendage flagellum wrapped up in longitudinal direction to display a cylindrical status(Plate Ⅱ∶10),which maybe had a defensive function for their aesthetascs;6)each aesthetasc was divided into two parts,one was a hard tube part(lower part),the other was a membrane tube part(upper part)(Plate Ⅱ∶8).There were several segments along the hard tube part,and the wall of the part was thick.However,wall of the membrane tube part was extremely thin which maybe makes the chemical substances entry easier(Plate Ⅱ∶9);7)many bud-shape setae emerged from proximal segments of the slot of the appendage flagellum,and these setae were some primary aesthetascs as they became gradually to aesthetascs in whose appearance were completed(Plate Ⅱ∶11,12). In addition,we suggested that the antennules of several decapod species known should be classified according to basic appearances of their antennules(Tab.2).They were Crab-type[8,9,12,15,20],Lobster-type[3—5,10,11] ,Crayfish-type[17—19] and Prawn-type[13,14,16].However,since the antennule of M.rosenbergii possess a particular appendage flagellum as well as its configurations,the antennule was geared to a new type, “Macrobrachium rosenbergii -type".Moreover,according to the characteristics of configurations of the appendage flagellum, M.rosenbergii was respectively deferent from P.argus[4,10,11],L.vannamei[16],andS.serrata[15]in defence structure model for their aesthetacs(Tab.3).
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[1] Schmitt B C.Olfaction:responses of a decapod crustacean are enhanced by flicking[J].Science,1979,205(13):204-206[2] Derby C D,Steullet P.Why do animals have so many receptors? The role of multiple chemosensors in animal perception[J].Bio Bull,2001,200(2)211-215[3] Derby CD,Cate HS,Gentilcore L.Perireception in olfaction:molecular mass sieving by aesthetasc sensillar cuticle determines odorant access to receptor sites in the Caribbean spiny lobsterPanulirus argus[J].J Exp Biol.1997,200:2073-2081[4] Gleseson R A,Carr WES,Trapido-Rosenthal H G.Morphological characteristics facilitation stimulus access and removal in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster,Panulirus argus:insight from the design[J].Chem Senses,1993,18(1):65-75[5] Steullet P,Cate H S,Derby C D.A spatiotemporal wave of turnover and functional maturation of olfactory receptor neurons in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus[J].Neuroscience.2000,209(9):3282-3294[6] Hallberg E,Johansson K U,Elofsson R.The aesthetasc concept:structural varitations of putative olfactory receptor cell complexes in crustacea[J].Microsc Res Tech.1992,22(4):325-335[7] Atema J,Fay R R,Popper A N,et al.Sensory biology of aquatic animals[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1988,287-312[8] Gleeson R A.Morphological and behavioral identification of the sensory structures mediating pheromone reception in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus [J].Biol Bull,1982,163:162-171[9] Lu W Q,Ping Y,Study on the function of the antenna and the compound eye of the Mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)in feeding behaviour[J].Fisheries Science Technology Information.1994,21(3):99-102[陆文卿,平原.中华绒螯蟹触角及复眼在觅食行为中的作用研究[J].水产科技情报,1994,21(3):99-102][10] Cate H S,Derby C D.Morphology and distribution of setae on the antennules of Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus reveal new types of bimodal chemo-mechanosensilla[J].Cell Tissue Res,2001,304:439-454[11] Laverack M S.The antennular sense organs of Panulirus argus[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1964,13:301-321[12] Snow:P J.Surface structures of the antennular flagella of the hermit crab Pagurus alaskensis(Benedict):A light and scanning electron microscopy study[J].J.Morph.,1974,144:195-216[13] Chen N S,Sun H B.Structure and function of cuticular sensillae of Penaeus chinensis Ⅱ Innervation of the aesthetasc hairs[J].Marine Sciences,1992,4:28-32[陈楠生,孙海宝中国对虾体表感觉毛结构和功能的研究-Ⅱ嗅毛的神经调控方式[J]海洋科学1992,4:28-32][14] Chen K Z,Wang Q.A study on the structure of antennular chemoreceptor of Penaeus chinensis[J].J Ocean University of Qingdao 1991,21(4):31-35[陈宽智,王青,中国对虾Penaeus chinensisi(O'sbeck)第一触角化学感受器结构的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1991,21(4):31-35][15] Zeng C,Xu Q F,Huang X F,et al.,Morphological characteristics facilitating protection of the olfactory organ of the mud crab Scylla serrata[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica.2002,48(6):804-811[曾嶒,徐奇放,黄晓峰,等.锯缘青蟹嗅觉器官的保护性形态特征[J].动物学报,2002,48(6):804-811][16] Zeng C,Dai L X,Liu Y H,et al.,Surface microstructures of the antennule of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei[J].J Huazhong Agricultural University.2003,21(4):371-378[曾嶒,戴立贤,刘永红等.凡纳滨对虾小触角的表面结构[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(4):371-378][17] Mellon DeF,Munger S D.Nontopographic projection of olfactory sensory neurons in the crayfish brain[J].J Comparat Neurology,1990,296:253-262[18] Sandeman R E,Sandeman D C,Pre-and postembryonic development,growth and turnover of olfactory receptor neurons in crayfish antennules[J].J Exp Biol,1996,199:2409-2418[19] Tierney A J,Thompson C S,Dunhan DW.Fine structure of aesthetasc chemoreceptors in the crayfish Orconectes propinquus[J].Can J Zool 1986,64:392-399[20] Ghiradella H T,Case J F,Cronshaw J.Structure of aesthetascs in selected marine and terrestrial decapods:chemoreceptor morphology and enviromment[J].Am.Zoologist,1986,8:603-621 Schmitt B C.Olfaction:responses of a decapod crustacean are enhanced by flicking[J].Science,1979,205(13):204-206[2] Derby C D,Steullet P.Why do animals have so many receptors? The role of multiple chemosensors in animal perception[J].Bio Bull,2001,200(2)211-215[3] Derby CD,Cate HS,Gentilcore L.Perireception in olfaction:molecular mass sieving by aesthetasc sensillar cuticle determines odorant access to receptor sites in the Caribbean spiny lobsterPanulirus argus[J].J Exp Biol.1997,200:2073-2081[4] Gleseson R A,Carr WES,Trapido-Rosenthal H G.Morphological characteristics facilitation stimulus access and removal in the olfactory organ of the spiny lobster,Panulirus argus:insight from the design[J].Chem Senses,1993,18(1):65-75[5] Steullet P,Cate H S,Derby C D.A spatiotemporal wave of turnover and functional maturation of olfactory receptor neurons in the spiny lobster Panulirus argus[J].Neuroscience.2000,209(9):3282-3294[6] Hallberg E,Johansson K U,Elofsson R.The aesthetasc concept:structural varitations of putative olfactory receptor cell complexes in crustacea[J].Microsc Res Tech.1992,22(4):325-335[7] Atema J,Fay R R,Popper A N,et al.Sensory biology of aquatic animals[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,1988,287-312[8] Gleeson R A.Morphological and behavioral identification of the sensory structures mediating pheromone reception in the blue crab,Callinectes sapidus [J].Biol Bull,1982,163:162-171[9] Lu W Q,Ping Y,Study on the function of the antenna and the compound eye of the Mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)in feeding behaviour[J].Fisheries Science Technology Information.1994,21(3):99-102[陆文卿,平原.中华绒螯蟹触角及复眼在觅食行为中的作用研究[J].水产科技情报,1994,21(3):99-102][10] Cate H S,Derby C D.Morphology and distribution of setae on the antennules of Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus reveal new types of bimodal chemo-mechanosensilla[J].Cell Tissue Res,2001,304:439-454[11] Laverack M S.The antennular sense organs of Panulirus argus[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1964,13:301-321[12] Snow:P J.Surface structures of the antennular flagella of the hermit crab Pagurus alaskensis(Benedict):A light and scanning electron microscopy study[J].J.Morph.,1974,144:195-216[13] Chen N S,Sun H B.Structure and function of cuticular sensillae of Penaeus chinensis Ⅱ Innervation of the aesthetasc hairs[J].Marine Sciences,1992,4:28-32[陈楠生,孙海宝中国对虾体表感觉毛结构和功能的研究-Ⅱ嗅毛的神经调控方式[J]海洋科学1992,4:28-32][14] Chen K Z,Wang Q.A study on the structure of antennular chemoreceptor of Penaeus chinensis[J].J Ocean University of Qingdao 1991,21(4):31-35[陈宽智,王青,中国对虾Penaeus chinensisi(O'sbeck)第一触角化学感受器结构的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1991,21(4):31-35][15] Zeng C,Xu Q F,Huang X F,et al.,Morphological characteristics facilitating protection of the olfactory organ of the mud crab Scylla serrata[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica.2002,48(6):804-811[曾嶒,徐奇放,黄晓峰,等.锯缘青蟹嗅觉器官的保护性形态特征[J].动物学报,2002,48(6):804-811][16] Zeng C,Dai L X,Liu Y H,et al.,Surface microstructures of the antennule of the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei[J].J Huazhong Agricultural University.2003,21(4):371-378[曾嶒,戴立贤,刘永红等.凡纳滨对虾小触角的表面结构[J].华中农业大学学报,2002,21(4):371-378][17] Mellon DeF,Munger S D.Nontopographic projection of olfactory sensory neurons in the crayfish brain[J].J Comparat Neurology,1990,296:253-262[18] Sandeman R E,Sandeman D C,Pre-and postembryonic development,growth and turnover of olfactory receptor neurons in crayfish antennules[J].J Exp Biol,1996,199:2409-2418[19] Tierney A J,Thompson C S,Dunhan DW.Fine structure of aesthetasc chemoreceptors in the crayfish Orconectes propinquus[J].Can J Zool 1986,64:392-399[20] Ghiradella H T,Case J F,Cronshaw J.Structure of aesthetascs in selected marine and terrestrial decapods:chemoreceptor morphology and enviromment[J].Am.Zoologist,1986,8:603-621
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