伊乐藻生物碱的GC-MS分析及其对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用
ANALYSIS OF ALKALOID FROM ELODEA NUTTALLII BY GC-MS AND ITS ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY ON MICROCYSTIN AERUGINOSA
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摘要: 藻类暴发性生长是水体富营养化带来的环境问题之一,利用植物化感作用抑制藻类生长作为一种新型的生物抑藻技术在近年来开始受到研究者的重视,并取得了一定的研究成果。文章采用GC-MS联用技术鉴定出伊乐藻中的9种生物碱成分,还研究了其总生物碱对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用。结果发现添加总生物碱的处理组中铜绿微囊藻生物量均受到了抑制,在总生物碱的浓度为62.0mg/L时,3d后铜绿微囊藻的抑制率为44.0%,表明伊乐藻总生物碱对铜绿微囊藻的生物量增长具有明显的抑制作用。该结论为通过沉水植物恢复富营养化水体提供了重要依据。Abstract: Eutrophication leads a mass of algae, and algae bloom directly influence the ecological function of water bodies and the safety of drinking water. It is very important to control the growth and reproduction of blooming algae for fishery, industrial and agricultural production as well as for the health of humans. Although some methods have been proposed to control harmful algal growth, only a few are applicable due to high cost, secondary pollution, or impracticability. The commonly used algicides, such as copper (Cu2+) and organic herbicide, can inhibit the entire phytoplankton community and cause subsequent water quality deterioration that may stress or kill aquatic animals. Furthermore, copper might accumulate in the bodies of aquatic predators, and herbicides might be toxic to all the living species in the water body. Therefore, it is necessary to explore an effective and secure new method to control the growth of harmful algae. Submerged macrophytes can reduce harmful algae blooms to maintain clear water in natural and experimental aquatic ecosystems. Using allelochemicals, which were produced by some macrophytes, to inhibit the growth of some harmful algae has been reported, but the allelopathic effects of alkaloids from submerged macrophytes were not found. In this study, the alkaloids of Elodea nuttallii were extracted by ethanol and then fractionated with some chemical reagent. The alkaloids compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mass fragments of the components were compared to the mass fragmentation data contained in the NIST 02. 9 alkaloids were identified from Elodea nuttallii by GC-MS, and the allelopathic effects of the alkaloids were also explored by bioassay of Microcystin aeruginosa. The alkaloids from Elodea nuttallii inhibited obviously to the growth of M. aeruginosa with the inhibition rate of 44.0% for three days, when the concentration of alkaloids were 62.0 mg/L. The alkaloids were a complicated mixture, which further purification was a challenging job. The detailed components of alkaloids were not clear now, but the result of bioassay showed that there were active constituents in alkaloids which provide a useful information for further study of the allelochemical in submerged macrophytes.
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Keywords:
- Allelopathic activity /
- Alkaloid /
- Elodea nuttallii /
- Microcystin aeruginosa
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