东山湾及其邻近海域游泳动物多样性的分析
DIVERSITY OF NEKTON IN DONGSHAN BAY AND ADJACENT AREAS
-
摘要: 根据2009年11月至2010年8月在东山湾及其邻近海域的调查资料, 统计渔获物物种组成, 计算该海域各物种的相对重要性指数(IRI)、相对资源密度、Margalef种类丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner种类多样性指数以及Pielou均匀度指数, 并分析其时空分布特征。结果表明, 东山湾及其邻近海域的物种组成比例与台湾海峡大体一致。秋冬春夏4个季度优势种种类数均较少, 分别为4、2、1、3种, 且季节更替明显。不同季节多样性指数表现为夏季春季秋季冬季, 各季Margalef种类丰富度均值为3.54, Shannon-Weiner种类多样性均值为1.99, Pielou均匀度均值为0.71; 各调查站位Margalef种类丰富度均值为7.87, Shannon-Weiner种类多样性均值为2.94, Pielou均匀度均值为0.75, 表明该海域生物多样性处于较低水平。分析东山湾及其邻近海域游泳动物多样性, 可为今后开展海洋工程建设渔业资源损益评价、生态环境修复工作和基于生态系统的渔业和海洋管理策略提供科学依据。Abstract: The analyses of diversity of nekton in Dongshan Bay and adjacent areas were carried out based on the data of bottom surveys from November 2009 to August 2010. A systematic analysis of the nekton species composition was studied, and the index of relative importance (IRI), relative resource density, Margalef richness index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were employed to assess the diversity of nekton. Also the spatial-temporal pattern of the nekton species in this area was described. The results showed that there were a total of 168 species involving 20 orders, 74 families and 109 genera in Dongshan Bay and adjacent areas. There were 114 fish species which was the largest category, accounting for 67.86%, and the results were shown the same trend compared with that of Taiwan Strait. In term of seasonal distribution, the most abundant of species was in spring (95) and least in autumn (66); in term of the spatial distribution, the survey station 9 in summer had the largest number of nekton species (37), while the survey station 3 had the least number (5) in the spring. The relative resource densities of spring and autumn were the higher, with winter the lowest and summer moderate. Dominant species had relatively less number of species, no more than four species, the number of dominant species in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 4, 2, 1 and 3 respectively. Dominant species were quite different and there was an obvious seasonal fluctuation. The level of diversity index indicated summer spring autumn winter. In term of the seasonal distribution, the average values of Margalef richness index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 3.54, 1.99 and 0.71 respectively. In term of the spatial distribution, the average values of Margalef richness index, Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were 7.87, 2.94 and 0.75 respectively. Biodiversity of nekton in the area was at a low level, which was mainly due to over-fishing, water pollution and other comprehensive factors. This study could provide a scientific basis for marine construction, evaluation of fishery resources, marine ecological restoration, ecosystem-based fisheries and marine management strategy.
-
-
[1] Editorial committee of Gulfs Sinica in China, Gulfs Sinica in China [M]. Part 8: Gulfs in the south of Fujian Province. Beijing: Ocean Press. 1994, 311 [中国海湾志编委会, 中国海湾志 第八分册: 福建省南部海湾. 北京: 海洋出版社. 1994, 311]
[2] Zhou Q L, Chen B H, Yang S Y. The Biodiversity of Four Typical Zones in the South-east Ocean of China [A]. The Study Progress and Protection of Chinese Biodiversity-Proceedings of the Fifth National Seminar of Protection and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity [C]. 2002, 277-284 [周秋麟, 陈宝红, 杨圣云. 中国东南四个典型海域的生物多样性及保护. 中国生物多样性保护与研究进展-第五届全国生物多样性保护与持续利用研讨会论文集. 2002, 277-284]
[3] Li Y, Li H, L S H, et al. Species diversity and distribution of phytoplankton in Nanji Islands national nature reserve [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2010, 34(3): 618-628 [李扬, 李欢, 吕颂辉, 等. 南麂列岛海洋自然保护区浮游植物的种类多样性及其生态分布. 水生生物学报, 2010, 34(3): 618-628]
[4] Yu C G, Chen X Q, Hu H Y, et al. Species composition and community structure characteristics of zooplankton in the Zhoushan fishing ground and its adjacent area [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2011, 35(1): 183-193 [俞存根, 陈小庆, 胡颢琰, 等. 舟山渔场及邻近海域浮游动物种类组成及群落结构特征. 水生生物学报. 2011, 35(1): 183-193]
[5] Zheng H D. Species composition and distribution of zooplankton in Dongshan Bay [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 2009, (2): 11-17 [郑惠东. 福建东山湾浮游动物的种类组成与数量分布特点. 福建水产, 2009, (2): 11-17]
[6] Li X B, Huang H, Lian J S, et al. Diversity and spatial distribution of gorgonian coral in Dongshan coastal waters in Fujian, China [J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2011, 30(1): 92-96 [李秀保, 黄晖, 练健生, 等. 福建东山海域柳珊瑚种类空间分布与多样性. 台湾海峡, 2011, 30(1): 92-96]
[7] He M H. Distribution of polychaeta in subtidal zone, Dongshan Bay, Fujian Province [J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1990, 9(3): 206-211 [何明海. 东山湾潮下带多毛类的分布. 台湾海峡, 1990, 9(3): 206-211]
[8] Lin J H, Chen R X. Distribution of planktonic copepods in Dongshan Bay, Fujian Province [J]. Marine Science Bulletin, 1992, 11(4): 11-17 [林景宏, 陈瑞祥. 东山湾浮游桡足类的分布. 海洋通报, 1992, 11(4): 11-17]
[9] Zhang Y Z, Hu J C, Zhong Y P, et al. Studies on ecology of benthos in Dongshan Bay [J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 1997, 16(4): 441-448 [张雅芝, 胡家财, 钟幼平, 等. 东山湾底栖生物生态学研究. 台湾海峡, 1997, 16(4): 441-448]
[10] Xiao Z P, Lan X W, Xie Z. Status of the development of fisheries resources and increase utilization in Dongshan Bay area [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1990, (3): 57-62 [肖志鹏, 蓝希文, 谢真. 东山湾区域渔业资源开发现状及提高利用水平的探讨. 福建水产, 1990, (3): 57-62]
[11] Zhang Y Z, Li F Z, Liu X Y, et al. Food web of fishes in Dongshan Bay, Fujian [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1994, 13(1): 52-60 [张雅芝, 李福振, 刘向阳, 等. 东山湾鱼类食物网研究. 台湾海峡, 1994, 13(1): 52-60]
[12] Huang Y. Species composition and seasond variations of fishes in Dongshan Bay [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1996, (2): 55-61 [黄轶. 东山湾鱼类组成及其季节变动. 福建水产, 1996, (2): 55-61]
[13] General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the Peoples Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of China. Marine Survey Specifications Part 6: Marine Biological Survey [M]. Beijing: Standards Press of China. 2007, 56-62 [国家质检总局, 国家标准化委员会. 海洋调查规范 第6部分: 海洋生物调查. 北京: 中国标准出版社. 2007, 56-62]
[14] Dai A Y, Yang S L, Song Y Z, et al. Chinese Marine Crabs [M]. Beijing: Ocean Press. 1986, 13-519 [戴爱云, 杨思谅, 宋玉枝, 等. 中国海洋蟹类. 北京: 海洋出版社. 1986, 13-519]
[15] Dong Z Z. Biology of Economical Cephalopod Species in World Oceans [M]. Jinan: Shandong Science and Technology Press. 1991, 146-253 [董正之. 世界大洋经济头足类生物学. 济南: 山东科学技术出版社. 1991, 146-253]
[16] Nelson J S. Fishes of the World (4th edn) [M]. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2006, 39-451
[17] Pinkas E R. Ecology of the agamid lizard Amphibolurus isolepis in western Australia [J]. Copeia, 1971, 3: 527-536
[18] Wilhm J L. Use of biomass units in Shannons formula [J]. Ecology, 1968, 49(1): 153-156
[19] Ludwig J A, Reynolds J F. Statistical Ecology [M]. New York: John Wiely and Sons. 1988, 1-337
[20] Ma K P. Method of biological community diversity: method of I diversity (a) [J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 1994, 2(3): 162-168 [马克平. 生物群落多样性的测度方法: I多样性的测度方法(上). 生物多样性, 1994, 2(3): 162-168]
[21] Ma K P, Liu Y M. Method of biological community diversity: method of I diversity (b) [J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 1994, 2(3): 231-239 [马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法: I多样性的测度方法(下). 生物多样性, 1994, 2(3): 231-239]
[22] Wang X H, Du F Y, Qiu Y S, et al. Variations of fish species diversity, faunal assemblage, and abundances in Daya Bay in 1980-2007 [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(9): 2403-2410 [王雪辉, 杜飞雁, 邱永松, 等. 1980-2007年大亚湾鱼类物种多样性、区系特征和数量变化. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9): 2403-2410]
[23] Zheng Y J, Chen X Z, Cheng J H, et al. Fishery Recourse and Environment in the Continental Shelf of East China Sea [M]. Shanghai:Science and Technology Press. 2003, 241-331 [郑元甲, 陈雪忠, 程家骅, 等. 东海大陆架生物资源与环境. 上海: 科技出版社. 2003, 241-331]
[24] Zhan B Y. Fish Stock Assessment [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. 1995, 257-260 [詹秉义. 渔业资源评估. 北京: 中国农业出版社. 1995, 257-260]
[25] Dai Q S, Lu Z B, Hong M J, et al. Fauna composition of nekton and fishery resources in the southern waters of Taiwan Strait [J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2004, 11(4): 360-366 [戴泉水, 卢振彬, 洪明进, 等. 台湾海峡南部海域游泳生物区系组成和渔业资源现状. 中国水产科学, 2004, 11(4): 360-366]
[26] Dai Q S, Ye Q T, Lu Z B. The resources protection and ecology of nekton in the waters of Pingtan Island, Fujian Province [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1992, (3): 52-60 [戴泉水, 叶泉土, 卢振彬. 福建平潭岛海域游泳生物生态和资源保护. 福建水产, 1992, (3): 52-60]
[27] Zhu X H, Wu H Z. A study on seasonal changes of the fish communities in the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 1994, 16(3): 102-112 [朱鑫华, 吴鹤洲. 黄渤海沿岸水域游泳动物群落多样性及其相关因素的研究. 海洋学报, 1994, 16(3): 102-112]
[28] Liu Y, Li S F. A study on seasonal changes of the fish communities in the East China Sea and the Huanghai Sea [J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2006, 28(4): 104-108 [刘勇, 李圣法. 东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究. 海洋学报, 2006, 28(4): 104-108]
[29] Li Y Z. Analysis on the water quality state and the countermeasures for the pollution control in Dongshan Bay of Fujian [J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2000, 19(1): 64-67 [李亚治. 福建东山湾水质状况分析与污染防治对策. 海洋环境科学, 2000, 19(1): 64-67]
[30] Chen C Q, Ruan J S, Li X Z, et al. Environmental monitoring report of Dongshan Bay fishery [J]. Journal of Fujian Fisheries, 1994, (3): 56-65 [陈超群, 阮金山, 李秀珠, 等. 东山湾渔业环境监测调查报告. 福建水产, 1994, (3): 56-65]
计量
- 文章访问数: 1197
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 645
下载: