饲料中添加胆汁酸对牛蛙生长性能、体组成和营养物质表观消化率的影响
EFFECTS OF DIETARY BILE ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH, WHOLE-BODY COMPOSITION AND APPARENT NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF BULLFROG (RANA CATESBEIANA)
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摘要: 试验研究了饲料中添加胆汁酸对牛蛙[Rana (Lithobates) catesbeiana]生长性能、体成分和营养物质表观消化率的影响。基础饲料以鱼粉、豆粕为主要蛋白源, 棕榈油为主要脂肪源, 在基础饲料中分别添加0、100、200和300 mg/kg的胆汁酸(含量99.1%)制作4种等氮等能的试验饲料。试验将144只牛蛙[初始体重(75.014.23) g]随机分为4组, 每组3个重复, 每个重复12只牛蛙, 进行为期8周的生长试验。结果显示: 各试验组牛蛙成活率和摄食率差异不显著(P0.05)。200 mg/kg胆汁酸添加组牛蛙的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和氮保留率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在饲料中添加胆汁酸显著降低了牛蛙脏体指数和全体的脂肪含量(P0.05), 但不影响肌肉粗脂肪以及全体和肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗灰分含量(P0.05)。各处理组间血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度均无显著变化(P0.05), 血清尿素氮含量随着饲料中胆汁酸添加量的增加而降低, 添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸组牛蛙血清尿素氮含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。血糖水平则随着胆汁酸添加量的增加而先降低后升高, 其中100 mg/kg胆汁酸添加组牛蛙血糖水平最低(P0.05)。100 mg/kg胆汁酸添加组牛蛙肠道脂肪酶活力显著高于对照组和300 mg/kg胆汁酸添加组(P0.05), 与200 mg/kg胆汁酸添加组之间差异不显著(P0.05), 蛋白酶活力与脂肪酶活力有相似的变化趋势, 而淀粉酶活力未受胆汁酸添加水平影响。各处理组饲料营养物质的表观消化率随饲料中胆汁酸添加量的增加而先升高后降低, 其中饲料添加200 mg/kg胆汁酸显著增加了牛蛙对饲料营养物质的表观消化率(P0.05)。结果表明: 在饲料中添加适量的胆汁酸能提高牛蛙对饲料的消化率, 提高饲料效率, 从而促进牛蛙的生长, 同时可促进蛙体脂肪代谢, 降低机体脂肪沉积, 提高牛蛙可食部分比例。根据本试验结果, 建议牛蛙饲料中胆汁酸添加水平为200 mg/kg。Abstract: To investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on growth performance, body composition and apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein and lipid in diets for bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, one hundred and forty-four bullfrogs were randomized to the same diet supplemented with four different levels of BAs (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg). Compared with the control group, percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and nitrogen retention rate (NRR) of bullfrog were significantly higher at 200 mg/kg BAs-supplemented diet (P0.05), whereas feeding rate (FR) and survival rate (SR) had no significant differences cross groups (P0.05). BAs did not significantly affect the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude ash in muscle and body of bullfrog, but it significantly decreased body lipid content without interfering muscle lipid content. No significant differences were found on the levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in serum cross groups (P0.05). BAs diminished decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and 300 mg/kg BAs-supplemented diet has the most dramatic effect. Serum glucose (GLU) concentration lowered significantly with decreasing dietary BAs from 0 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg, and then increased significantly (P0.05). Compared with the control diet and 300 mg/kg BAs-supplemented diet, intestinal lipase activities and protease activities were higher in the groups fed with the diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg BAs (P0.05), but it had no significant difference with 200 mg/kg BAs-supplemented diet (P0.05). Dietary BAs levels had no influence on the intestinal amylase activities. The highest dietary nutrient apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) was observed in 200 mg/kg BAs-supplemented diet, and the lowest ADC value was in the control group (P0.05). These results indicate that dietary BAs may improve growth performance, feeding efficiency and dietary apparent nutrient digestibility of bullfrog, and promote the catabolism of body lipid and protein retention, which raise the proportion of the edible part of bullfrog. Based on the results, 200 mg/kg bile acids supplementary level is recommended for bullfrog.
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Keywords:
- Rana catesbeiana /
- Bile acids /
- Body composition /
- Digestive enzyme /
- Apparent digestibility
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