MEAL SIZE ON SWIMMING PERFORMANCE AND EXCESS POST-EXERCISE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN JUVENILE ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS
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摘要:
为了考察摄食水平对两栖动物运动能力及其能量代谢特征的影响, 选取大鲵(Andrias davidianus)幼体为实验对象, 分别测定其在不同摄食水平(0、1%、4%和10%体重)下的感应流速(Induced velocity)、暴发游泳速度(Burst swimming speed)和力竭运动后过量耗氧(Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, EPOC)。研究发现: 在不同摄食水平下, 大鲵幼体绝对和相对感应流速(分别为20.78、21.52、23.67、21.79 cm/s和2.4、2.49、2.77、2.56 bl/s)及绝对和相对暴发游泳速度(分别为32.65、32.92、35.42、33.02 cm/s和3.80、3.81、4.15、3.85 bl/s)没有显著性差异; 随着摄食水平的增加, 运动前代谢率[分别为66.88、82.51、95.57和106.32 mg O2/(kg·h)]和运动后代谢峰值[分别为148.21、155.08、166.93和167.63 mg O2/(kg·h)]逐步增加, 4%和10%摄食水平组显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 随着摄食水平的增加, 代谢率增量[分别为81.33、72.57、71.36和61.31 mg O2/(kg·h)]、峰值比率(分别为2.26、1.89、1.76和1.58)、运动后恢复时间(分别为55.00min、49.60min、38.80min和32.10min)和过量耗氧(分别为27.48、23.68、21.42和15.36 mg O2/kg)逐步降低, 4%和10%摄食水平组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述: 大鲵幼体游泳能力相对较小且不受摄食的影响, 在其野外栖息地保护和增殖放流生境流速选择等实践中应充分考虑。摄食后大鲵幼体游泳能力的维持、有氧代谢能力的增加和力竭运动后恢复时间的缩短可能有利于大鲵幼体的捕食和避敌活动, 有助于适应复杂的溪流生境, 进而提高其生存适合度。
Abstract:Feeding and locomotion are two important physiological activities that occur simultaneously in life history of Andrias davidianus. Their exercise behavior varies according to different meal sizes, which is the result of long-term evolution and adaptation to different living environments. In order to investigate the effects of meal size on locomotion ability and energy metabolic of amphibians, we selected the juvenile Andrias davidianus as experimental subjects. We measured the induction velocity, burst swimming speed and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) at different meal sizes (0, 1%, 4%, and 10% of body weight). The induction velocity (20.78, 21.52, 23.67, 21.79 cm/s and 2.4, 2.49, 2.77, 2.56 bl/s, respectively) and burst swimming speed (32.65, 32.92, 35.42, 33.02 cm/s and 3.80, 3.81, 4.15, 3.85 bl/s, respectively) of juvenile A. davidianus were not significantly different among different meal sizes. With increasing meal size, the pre-exercise metabolic rate [66.88, 82.51, 95.57 and 106.32 mg O2/(kg·h), respectively] and the peak post-exercise metabolic rate [148.21, 155.08, 166.93 and 167.63 mg O2/(kg·h), respectively] increased gradually and were significantly higher in the 4% and 10% meal size groups than those in the control group (P<0.05). The increment of metabolic rate [81.33, 72.57, 71.36 and 61.31 mg O2/(kg·h), respectively], factorial scope (2.26, 1.89, 1.76 and 1.58, respectively), duration (55.00min, 49.60min, 38.80min, 32.10min, respectively) and EPOC magnitude (27.48, 23.68, 21.42 and 15.36 mg O2/kg, respectively) declined progressively, and these indexes in 4% and 10% meal size groups were lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Our results suggested that the swimming performance of juvenile A. davidianus is not affected by feeding. These movement characteristics of this species should be fully considered in the practice of habitat protection and release in wild. The maintenance of swimming ability, the increase of aerobic metabolism and the shortening of recovery time after feeding may be beneficial for juvenile A. davidianus to hunt and escape from predators, resulting in better adaptation to the complex stream habitat and improved survival fitness.
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图 1 循环密闭式代谢测定仪模式图
A. 水槽; B. 溶氧测定仪; C. 投饵孔; D. 内循环管; E. 呼吸管; F. 溶氧仪探头; G. 小水泵; H. 水处理系统
Figure 1. Circulatory closed respirometer
A. tank; B. oxygen metre; C. feed hole; D. inner circulation tube; E. respirometer chamber; F. dissolved oxygen probe; G. small water pump; H. water-processing and temperature-controlling system
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图 2 摄食水平对大鲵幼体感应流速的影响(平均值±标准误, 样本数=10)
Figure 2. The effect of meal size on induction velocity in juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus; mean±SE, n=10)
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图 3 摄食水平对大鲵幼体暴发游泳速度的影响(平均值±标准误, 样本数=10)
Figure 3. The effect of meal size on burst swimming speed in juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus; mean±SE, n=10)
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图 4 摄食水平对大鲵幼体力竭运动后代谢反应的影响 (样本数=10)
Figure 4. The effect of meal size on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) response in juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus; n=10)
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图 5 摄食水平对大鲵幼体力竭运动后代谢参数的影响(平均值±标准误, 样本数=10)
不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)
Figure 5. The effects of meal size on several parameters of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) response in juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus; mean±SE, n=10)
Values without common lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05)
表 1 大鲵幼体体重、体长和摄食水平(平均值±标准误)
Table 1 The body mass, body length and meal size of juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) in the present study (mean±SE)
指标Index 对照组
Control group1%摄食水平组
1% meal size group4%摄食水平组
4% meal size group10%摄食水平组
10% meal size group游泳能力Swimming performance 样本数Sample (N) 10 10 10 10 体重Body mass (g) 6.81±0.18 6.75±0.13 6.82±0.12 6.82±0.14 体长Body length (cm) 8.62±0.14 8.67±0.11 8.58±0.11 8.60±0.13 摄食水平Meal size (%) — 1.02±0.01c 4.01±0.01b 10.70±0.39a EPOC 样本数Sample (N) 10 10 10 10 体重Body mass (g) 6.96±0.36 6.83±0.31 6.87±0.23 6.99±0.15 体长Body length (cm) 8.50±0.16 8.67±0.16 8.69±0.12 8.68±0.13 摄食水平Meal size (%) — 1.01±0.01c 4.18±0.19b 10.32±0.29a 注: 上标字母不同的同一行数值差异显著(P<0.05)Note: Values with different small letter superscripts are significantly different in the same row (P<0.05) 
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表 2 摄食水平对大鲵幼体游泳能力和力竭运动后代谢参数的单因素方差统计分析表
Table 2 The effect of meal size on several variables related to swimming performance and EPOC in juvenile Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) based on the results of One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
指标
Index显著性
Significance绝对感应流速Absolute induction velocity F3, 39=0.340; P=0.797 相对感应流速Relative induction velocity F3, 39=0.413; P=0.745 绝对暴发游泳速度Absolute burst swimming speed F3, 39=0.342; P=0.795 相对暴发游泳速度Relative burst swimming speed F3, 39=0.380; P=0.768 静止代谢率Rest metabolic rate F3, 39=0.157; P=0.924 运动前代谢率Pre-exercise metabolic rate F3, 39=39.446; P<0.001 运动后代谢峰值Peak post-exercise metabolic rate F3, 39=8.474; P<0.001 代谢率增量Increment of metabolic rate F3, 39=5.868; P=0.002 峰值比率Factorial scope F3, 39=19.863; P<0.001 运动后恢复时间Duration F3, 39=25.190; P<0.001 过量耗氧EPOC magnitude F3, 39=6.596; P=0.001
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