ZHU Xiu-Yu, WANG Dong. TYPHA �GLAUCA GODR., A HYBRID OF TYPHA L. (TYPHACEAE) NEWLY RECORDED IN CHINA AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2013, 37(1): 29-33. DOI: 10.7541/2013.29
Citation: ZHU Xiu-Yu, WANG Dong. TYPHA �GLAUCA GODR., A HYBRID OF TYPHA L. (TYPHACEAE) NEWLY RECORDED IN CHINA AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS[J]. ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA, 2013, 37(1): 29-33. DOI: 10.7541/2013.29

TYPHA �GLAUCA GODR., A HYBRID OF TYPHA L. (TYPHACEAE) NEWLY RECORDED IN CHINA AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

  • Received Date: December 05, 2011
  • Rev Recd Date: April 12, 2012
  • Published Date: January 24, 2013
  • Typha L. (Typhaceae), one of the most common aquatic plants found in marshes and shallow water, is almost cosmopolitan. However, the distribution of approximately 24 species has two main centers: Eurasia and North America. To date 12 species have been reported in China. Typha was described by Linnaeus in 1753, and its taxonomy remains confusing because of the variability in its reproductive and vegetative characteristics, and its frequent hybridization. Seven hybrids of Typha species were reported from North America and Europe but none of them has been recorded in China. We have discovered a hybrid cattail, Typha ?glauca Godr. (T. angustifolia L. ?T. latifolia L.), through extensive field collections and herbarium studies. That was a newly recorded taxon for China. We studied the hybrid T. ?glauca in the field and examined Typha collections from the following herbaria including PE, IBSC, CDBI, HIB, WU, SZ, and CCNU. Both vegetative and reproductive characteristics were measured for available specimens of the hybrid and parental species from China. Pollen grains of Typha species were collected from our field collections, and were examined under a light microscope at ?000 magnification. Morphological features of the hybrid and parental species was illustrated and discussed, and an identification key for them was provided. The hybrid was morphologically variable and generally intermediate to the parental species. The most readily diagnostic features of the hybrid were: 1. leaves were glaucous; 2. pollen was typically a mixture of monads, dyads, triads, and tetrads (vs. tetrads in T. latifolia and monads in T. angustifolia), often abortive; 3. pistillate bracteoles were narrower than the stigma (vs. broader in T. angustifolia and absent in T. latifolia), and 4. the stigmas were liner-lanceolate (vs. linear in T. angustifolia, and lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in T. latifolia). Importantly, the presence /or absence of dyads and triads of pollen grains could be used to distinguish the hybrid and parental species, implying that pollen morphology is of importance in taxonomic treatment of genus Typha. In North America, Typha ?glauca is a well-known cattail hybrid and can occur wherever T. angustifolia and T. latifolia grow together and often out-competes the parental species in habitats that are heavily disturbed or subject to high-magnitude water level fluctuations. The hybrid plants could interfere with wetland communities by forming large monospecific stands, out-competing native species, and altering substrate characteristics, suggesting that the appearance of hybrid plants may be used as indicators of disturbance and, perhaps, of wetland health. After checking the available specimens assigned to either T. angustifolia or T. latifolia that were deposited in the Herbaria of China, we found that T. ?glauca was confined to the Xinjiang Province of China. Given the paucity of field collections on Typha plants over the past several decades and thus resultant relatively limited information on the hybrid in China, the distributional range and its ecological role of the hybrid cattail need to be studied further. In summary, we concluded that the field identification characters of the leaves and inflorescences may be used with some degree of reliability to tentatively separate T. ?glauca from the parental species, but microscopic floral characters should be used to confirm the identification. To positively identify T. ?glauca and parental species microscopic floral characters must be used.
  • [1]
    Graebner P. Typhaceae. In: Engler A. Das Pflanzenreich [M]. Leipzig. 1900, 8(2): 8—16
    [2]
    Mavrodiev E V. New species of cat-tail (Typha L.) from Caucasus [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 1999, 110(1—2): 127—132
    [3]
    Mavrodiev E V. A new species of cat-tail (Typha L.) from sect. Engleria (Leonova). N. Tzvel [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 2000, 111(7—8): 571—575
    [4]
    Mavrodiev E V. Two new species of Typha L. (Typhaceae Juss.) from the Far East of Russia and from Mongolia [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 2002, 113(3—4): 281—288
    [5]
    Sun K, Simpson D A. Flora of China [M]. Beijing: Science Press. 2010, 161—163
    [6]
    Zhao H, Xie H, Li G, et al. An application of Q-cluster analysis on the study of the classification of hydrophyte genus Typha in northeast China [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 1998, 22(1): 86—89 [赵宏, 谢航, 李刚, 等. Q型聚类分析在东北水生植物香蒲属分类研究中的应用. 水生生物学报, 1998, 22(1): 86—89]
    [7]
    Hotchkiss N, Dozier H L. Taxonomy and distribution of North American cattails [J]. American Midland Naturalist, 1949, 4l(1): 237—254
    [8]
    Smith S G. Experimental and natural hybrids in North America Typha (Typhaceae) [J]. American Midland Naturalist, 1967, 78(2): 257—287
    [9]
    Grace J B, Harrison J S. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 73. Typha latifolia L., Typha angustifolia L. and Typha × glauca Godr. [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1986, 66(2): 361—379
    [10]
    Smith S G. Typha: its taxonomy and the ecological significance of hybrids [J]. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 1987, 27(1): 129—138
    [11]
    Thieret J W, Luken J O. The Typhaceae in the southeastern United States [J]. Harvard Papers in Botany, 1996, 8, 27—56
    [12]
    Kuehn M M, White B N. Morphological analysis of genetically identified cattails Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Typha × glauca [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1999, 77(6): 906—912
    [13]
    Finkelstein S A. Identifying pollen grains of Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, and Typha × glauca [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 2003, 81(9): 985—990
    [14]
    Bonnewell V, Pratt D C. Effects of nutrients on Typha angustifolia × latifolia: productivity and morphology [J]. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, 1978, 44(1): l8—20
    [15]
    Shay J M, Shay C T. Prairie marshes in western Canada, with specific reference to the ecology of five emergent macrophytes [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1986, 64(2): 443—454
    [16]
    Galatowitsch S M, Andeson N O, Ascher P D. Invasiveness in wetland plants in temperate North America [J]. Wetlands, 1999, 19(4): 733—755
    [17]
    Sarena M S, Allison A S. The potential for hybridization between Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia in a constructed wetland [J]. Aquatic Botany, 2004, 78(4): 361— 369
    [18]
    Nancy C T, Daniel J L, Pamela G, et al. Patterns of environmental change associated with Typha × glauca invasion in great lakes coastal wetland [J]. Wetlands, 2009, 29(3): 964— 975
    [19]
    Larkin D J, Freyman M J, Lishawa S C, et al. Mechanisms of dominance by the invasive hybrid cattail Typha × glauca [J]. Biological Invasions, 2012, 14(1): 65—77
    [20]
    Fernald M L. Gray's manual of Botany [M]. 8th ed. New York: American Book Company. 1950, 60—61
    [21]
    Fassett N C, Calhoun B. Introgression between Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia [J]. Evolution, 1952, 6(4): 367—379
    [22]
    Lee D W, Fairbrothers D E. A serological and disc eletrophoretic study of North American Typha [J]. Brittonia, 1969, 21(3): 227—243
    [23]
    Bayly I L, O'Neill T A. A study of introgression in Typha at Point Pelee Marsh, Ontario [J]. Canadian Field Naturalist, 1971, 85(4): 309—314
    [24]
    Sharitz R R, Wineriter S A, Smith M H, Liu E H. Comparison of isozymes among Typha species in the eastern United States [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1980, 67(9): 1297—1303

Catalog

    Article views (1496) PDF downloads (732) Cited by()
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return