Abstract: We analyze and compare fish fauna structure and mai n economic fish growth among 15 representative different saline lakes and reserv oirs, and the influence of salinity and alkalinity on fish fauna and fish growth were discussed. The result showed that: fish fauna structure, species and growt h are closely relative to the concentration of salinity and alkalinity, high concentration of salinity and alkalinity result in slow growth of fish. Stepwise re gression and correlation analyses were used to study relationship among pH, sali nity, alkalinity, hardness, conductance and fish species. We get two equations: LOG (Total Fish Species)=4.0929-0.2866LOG(Alkalinity)-0.1857LOG(Hardness),(R 2 =0.7520,F=18.1967,p=0.0002),LOG(Native Fish Species)=3.3832-0.3509LOG(Salin ity)-0.4459LOG(Alkalinity),(R2=0.7116,F=14.8058),p=0.0006).