Abstract: This paper dealed with the high resistant larvae of Chironomus complex which were collected from the Ya Er Lake near Wuhan. The results indicated that high active esterases existed in the population, the Rf is difference from conference population of Culex pipiens. The data of the GPD from Chironomus complex in four ponds indicated that the pattern of the electrophoresis is difference from the populations of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. In the middle polluted 2#, 3# pond, the GPD locus of the larvae of Chironomus complex demonstrated polymorphisms. The analysis results by GENEPOP software showed that the hypothesis of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium was rejected. There was systemic heterozygote deficit in these sub populations, no significant differentiation was found among the three sub populations 2#, 3#,4#, the gene flow among them was low according to the number of migrants of per generation(Nm).