喹乙醇在鱼体内蓄积及其对鱼类的影响
STUDIES ON ACCUMULATION AND TOXICITY OF OLAQUINDOX IN FISHES
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摘要: 本文以含350mg/kg和400mg/kg喹乙醇的饲料经99d分别连续投喂鲤和银鲫,以测定喹乙醇在鲤和银鲫体内的蓄积及其对鲤、银鲫的影响。试验结果表明,无论是银鲫单养还是鲤鲫混养,无论是鲤还是银鲫,试验组喹乙醇在肝脏组织中蓄积量最高,99d单养银鲫组可达100570.015(3)mg/kg,鲤鲫混养组银鲫、鲤分别达101070.226(3)mg/kg,98830.032(3)mg/kg,肾脏次之,99d单养鲫鱼组的银鲫,鲤鲫混养组的银鲫、鲤分别为74940.064(3)mg/kg,77770138(3)mg/kg和76080086(3)mg/kg,肌肉中较低,分别为011700003(3)mg/kg,01600003(3)mg/kg,04860006(3)mg/kg;经检验三种组织器官中的蓄积量差异显著(P0.05)。由于喹乙醇在鱼体内的蓄积,虽鲤鲫混养组的银鲫、鲤的相对增重率达到102.7%和110.7%,但是它们的抗应激反应率明显下降,而且随喹乙醇摄入量的增加下降趋势更为明显,当给予一定程度的应激刺激后,单养鲫鱼组的银鲫应激反应率由58d的448%上升到99d的643%,鲤鲫混养组的银鲫和鲤分别由58d的667%和462%分别上升到99d的883%和769%,无论是58d还是99d,试验组与对照组间差异显著(P0.05)。试验发现,摄入喹乙醇的银鲫肝脏炎症细胞浸润、细胞体积缩小、核固缩,甚至溶解;肾脏肾小球肿大,肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性;银鲫、鲤脾脏网状细胞肿胀变性、界限不明显等。研究认为,喹乙醇对养殖鱼类具有较大的毒副作用,应该禁止作为添加剂在鱼类饲料中使用。Abstract: In order to determinethe accumulation of olaquindox in common carps(Cyprinus carp)and prussian carp(Carassius auratus gibelio), these two kinds of fishes were fed with diets which contented the olaquindox at the doses of 350mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively, and the method for the determination of olaquindox residues in flesh for export (SN0197-94,An industry standard for export in the People. s Republic of China) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used.The experiments were conducted for 99 days. Culture styles included monocultureof prussian carp, polycultureof prussian carp and common carp.The results showed that, of the three selected organs(liver, kidney and muscle), the accumulation of olaquindox in the liver was the highest, followed by the kidney and the muscle. On the 99th day, olaquindox. s concentration in the livers was 10.057 0.015(3)mg/kg in prussian carp of monocultural groups, which was 10.1070.226 (3) mg/kg in prussian carp and was 9. 883 0.032(3) mg/kg in common carps of polycultural group. Those in the kidneys respectivelywere: 7149401064(3)mg/kg, 7.7770.138(3)mg/kg, 7.6080.086(3)mg/kg and 0.17001003(3)mg/kg, 0.1600.003(3) mg/kg, 0.486006(3)mg/kg in the muscles.Although relative growth rate in the polycultural carps were 102. 7% and 110.7% respectively,their anti stress ability wasreduced apparently with the increasing intake of olaquindox. After the stimulation were administered, the stress rate of prussian carp in monoculture climbed from 44. 8% on 58d to 64. 3% on 99d, that of prussian carp and common carps in polyculture climbed from 66. 7% and 46. 2% on 58d to 88. 3% and 76. 9% on 99d.Nomatter on 58d or on 99d,there are significantly different between the control and test groups(P0.05). It. s observed that the number of the inflammatory cells grew, the volume of the cell shrank, and the cel- l nuclear lessened. It was found that extensively granular and vacuolar degeneration and necrosis of liver cells in every test groups. Renal tubule cells degenerate and capillary dilate.The net crossing membrane of spleen festers and the structure of spleen were destroyed seriously.The distinction between each two cells became obscure.Histopathology indicated the following changes: tissues of disease fisheswere hemorrhage, their cells appeared edema and necrosis. Which caused extensive tissue damage, blood vessels were enlarged and seriously damaged.A large number of erythrocytes in the blood vessels and tissues were deformed, broke and haemolyzed. The study showed that olaquindox is toxicto cultural fishes and must be forbidden in aquaculture.
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Keywords:
- Cyprinus carp /
- Carassius auratus gibelio /
- Olaquindox /
- Accumulation /
- Toxicity
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