养殖梭子蟹血卵涡鞭虫感染的初步研究
PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE HEMATODINIUM INFECTION IN CULTURED PORTUNUS TRITUBERCULATUS
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摘要: 2004年7-9月,浙江舟山人工养殖梭子蟹相继发生一种被当地渔民称为"牛奶病"的流行性疾病,并引起大量死亡。病蟹蟹体消瘦,肌肉白浊,蟹盖内可见大量乳白色液体。对带有典型病症的濒死病蟹进行细菌分离,未分离到细菌。组织病理学观察发现,病蟹血淋巴急剧下降,代之以大量的寄生原虫,该寄生虫在病蟹的肝胰腺、鳃、心脏、肌肉等部位大量侵袭,并引起这些组织发生以坏死为主的变质性病变,其病理特征主要表现为:细胞肿胀、变性、坏死,某些细胞的细胞核固缩、碎裂或崩解。电镜观察乳白色体液及病变组织,可见大量寄生原虫,该寄生虫大小约5-7μm,多数呈卵圆形,单核或多核,具有2根鞭毛。进一步通过分子生物学方法,确定该寄生虫为血卵涡鞭虫Hematodiniumsp.,初步认定其是引起养殖梭子蟹"牛奶病"的一种重要病原。Abstract: An epidemic disease named “milky disease” happened in cultured swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus from July to September during theyear 2004 in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province and lead to high mortality. The disease crab is usually thin and has the symptom of muscle white, milky liquid can be seen when open the lid..No predominance bacteria colonies were isolated from the typical milky crab.The study of the histopathology showed that the haemolymph in the disease crab decreased sharply, and was replaced by large amount of parasites, which was observed in muscle,heart and hepatopancreas from the disease crab. The pathological characteristics mainly appeared as cells swelling, necrosis, nucleus condensation and collaspe.The opalescen hemolymph and abnormal tissues were observed under electron microscope, masses of the parasite were observed but no virosome had been found.The parasite is 5-7μ m in size, and oval in shapes,with two flagellums.Preliminary study showed that the dinoflagellate Hematodinium. sp was the main pathogen of the milky disease of Portunus trituberculatus.
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Keywords:
- Portunus trituberculatus /
- Milky disease /
- Pathogen /
- Hematodinium sp
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